论罪犯心理矫治工作的创新和发展

《监狱教育改造工作规定》的颁布实施,标志着监狱的心理矫治工作进入了一个规范发展的新时期,但从总体上看,我国监狱仍存在制约监狱心理矫治工作发展的因素,从实施专业化发展方略的角度来看,在新形势下,应创新和发展心理矫治工作方法和措施,以不断提高心理矫治工作的实用性、指导性、服务性、专业性,服务于提高改造质量的大局。     

政府购买公共服务研究

政府购买公共服务是政府提供公共服务的一种新理念、新方法,它有利于实现政府职能的转变,有利于提高公共服务的供给效率,也有利于促进社会组织的发展。积极推进这项改革,需要树立服务型政府理念,健全政府购买公共服务制度,完善监督和评估机制,促进社会组织的发展,同时也需要为其营造良好发展环境。     

超声作用对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞转染效率的影响

为研究超声波对经脂质体介导的绵羊胎儿成纤维(sheep fetal fibroblasts,SFF)细胞转染效率的影响,用不同频率的超声波在不同时间内辐射经脂质体介导的SFF细胞,转染48h后收集细胞,用RT-PCR检测目的基因,台盼蓝染色检测细胞活性。转染后用G418挑选转基因单克隆细胞,计算转染率。结果显示,对细胞、质粒和脂质体的混合液共同超声辐射(时间60s,超声频率为2.5MHz)后转染,转染率要明显高于未超声辐射的细胞和先转染后超声辐射的细胞,并且细胞的存活率较高。结果表明,超声辐射不仅能改变细胞质膜的通透性,还能够提高脂质体介导的基因转染效率,增强基因介导的特异性和靶向性。     

The Effects of Majority State Ownership of Significant Economic Sectors on Corruption: A Cross-Regional Comparison

Given both corruption's and bureaucratic inefficiency's importance for development and good governance, understanding their causes is paramount. This paper argues that majority state ownership of most the most important economic sectors of a country results in higher levels of corruption and inefficiency. When political and managerial elites both own and manage the country's most important economic resources, they have greater incentives for corrupt or inefficient behavior. These elites use national resources at their disposal more for short-term personal and political goals than for long-term economic ones. This paper tests this hypothesis on a relatively underused, but often cited, data set from the 1980s. Using a cross-national, regression analysis, this paper finds that the best predictors a country's level of corruption or bureaucratic inefficiency are these: majority state ownership of significant economic sectors, levels of GDP per capita, levels of government spending, and levels of democracy. Other factors, such as common law heritage, percent of population that is Protestant, federalism, economic freedoms, or mineral/ oil exporting, were not consistent, significant predictors of either bureaucratic inefficiency or corruption. We also argue that Tobit may be the best estimation procedure for these data.     

Trace DNA Sampling Success from Evidence Items Commonly Encountered in Forensic Casework

Trace DNA analysis is a significant part of a forensic laboratory's workload. Knowing optimal sampling strategies and item success rates for particular item types can assist in evidence selection and examination processes and shorten turnaround times. In this study, forensic short tandem repeat (STR) casework results were reviewed to determine how often STR profiles suitable for comparison were obtained from “handler” and “wearer” areas of 764 items commonly submitted for examination. One hundred and fifty‐five (155) items obtained from volunteers were also sampled. Items were analyzed for best sampling location and strategy. For casework items, headwear and gloves provided the highest success rates. Experimentally, eyeglasses and earphones, T‐shirts, fabric gloves and watches provided the highest success rates. Eyeglasses and latex gloves provided optimal results if the entire surfaces were swabbed. In general, at least 10%, and up to 88% of all trace DNA analyses resulted in suitable STR profiles for comparison.     

The clinician–patient working alliance: is it a significant predictor of psychiatric medication adherence in a sample of recently released parolees?

Persistent psychiatric symptoms can serve as a major barrier to the successful reintegration of parolees with mental illness. Thus, it is important to identify factors that might impact their mental health recovery, such as low adherence to their treatment regimen. The strength of the clinician/patient working alliance has been found to be significantly associated with psychiatric medication adherence in prior research, but this relationship has not been assessed in a parolee population. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if patient-rated working alliance was a significant predictor of low psychiatric medication adherence while taking into account alcohol/illegal drug use, age, and ethnicity in a sample of recently released parolees with mental illness (N = 49). Patient-rated working alliance, age, and ethnicity were not significant predictors of low adherence. Alcohol/illegal drug use during the follow-up period was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of meeting the criteria for low medication adherence (OR = 8.36; 95% CI = 1.60, 43.66). While working alliance was not found to be a significant predictor of medication adherence in this study, further research is needed to examine how substance misuse impacts the clinician–patient working alliance in this population.     

生产-流通关系协调发展：理论与对策研究

在流通产业对现代生产发展的意义日益加大的同时,我国传统流通产业发展滞后于生产发展的问题也日益暴露。模块化时代的到来,生产、流通环节的专业化分工要求有更多的协作,分工的协调效率受到更多的关注。目前我国生产-流通关系不协调,原因主要在于流通产业发展滞后于生产需要,借助于产业链整合实现流通产业的规模化发展,提升专业化流通渠道的效率功能,是中国产业系统健康发展的有效途径。      

Benchmarking Tax Compliance Efficiency Among South African Retail Firms Using Stochastic Frontier Approach

Random selection of taxpayers for audit mostly nets tax compliant taxpayers. There is hence a need to adopt other methods that are efficient and and effective in performing their specific and general deterrence roles. This article uses profit efficiency benchmarking to analyze selected retail firms tax compliance risk in South Africa over the 2005–2006 period. It seeks to identify firms that should be audited because of their suspected tax compliance risk, using a stochastic frontier analysis. The profit efficiency estimates of 24 retail stores are used to rank them in terms of their performance. They are also tracked over time. Approximately, 50 percent of the firms performed better than the average profit efficiency of 0.39. The top 10 firms are significantly performing better. However, the bottom 50 percent of the retail firms performed poorly and could be targeted for tax audit.     

Economics of State-Owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) account for a substantial proportion of gross domestic product, employment, and assets in many countries. Based on a review of the theory and empirical evidence, we develop a novel five-step framework that can guide policymakers and economic advisors in making decisions about maintaining and/or creating SOEs. The framework suggests that the use of SOEs should be limited to circumstances in which a market failure exists, less invasive forms of intervention such as regulation/taxes/subsidies and private-sector contracting are ineffective or not possible, and the welfare loss of the market failure exceeds the costs, distortions, and inefficiencies of SOEs.     

我国发展独立第三方公共政策评估机构论析

发展独立第曼方政策评估机构是对公共政策公平与效率两大价值追求的必然要求。相比国外而青,当前我困独立笫三方政策评估机构的发展尚不健全,究其原因主要受限于内外两方面因素制约,文章对如何促进我国独立第三方政策评估机构发展展开研究。