急性乙醇中毒大鼠脑皮质α-syn表达与神经细胞凋亡的关系

目的观察急性乙醇中毒大鼠脑皮质α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein,α-syn)表达及神经细胞凋亡的变化,探讨乙醇对神经细胞损害的机制。方法用50%乙醇溶液灌胃方法制作大鼠急性乙醇中毒模型。采用免疫组织化学染色技术和图像分析方法观察大鼠急性乙醇中毒后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h脑皮质内α-syn和caspase-3的表达。测定阳性细胞数和平均光密度值,分析其变化趋势,并进行方差分析和t检验。结果急性乙醇中毒组大鼠脑皮质α-syn染色阳性细胞数和平均光密度值均呈上升趋势,6 h达到峰值,12 h略有下降,但仍高于1 h、3 h组。中毒后12 h以内,大鼠脑皮质的caspase-3阳性细胞数和平均光密度值均呈逐渐上升趋势。结论急性乙醇中毒后脑水肿、缺氧引起α-syn异常聚集可能参与乙醇中毒后早期神经细胞凋亡过程。     

创新“服务型”农村警务的实践—山西寿阳“流动警务室”调研报告

2007年3月,山西寿阳县公安局在全县的山区农村创造并启动了以“流动警务车”为载体的“流动警务室”工作模式,受到了来自各个方面的赞誉。“流动警务室”是宗旨意识和执法为民思想的创新实践,是“服务型”社区和农村警务建设的创新实践,是强化公安机关能力建设的创新实践,是提高公安工作综合绩效的创新实践,它为我省乃至全国类似地区的农村警务建设和实践提供了有益的启示和借鉴。     

不确定性和策略互动条件下3G投资的期权博弈模型

3G预期下的移动市场结构必定是三个寡头的竞争,在这种条件下,传统NPV和实物期权方法由于没有考虑竞争对手策略互动的影响,而不适用于3G项目投资决策分析。因此,在分析3G项目投资期权价值和博弈特征基础上,利用带跳的几何布朗运动来模拟市场不确定性和技术进步、政府规制等非市场不确定因素,从而确定领先者和追随者的价值函数及临界值,构建领先者和追随者的双寡头期权博弈模型。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株3-1E基因的重组表达及其表达产物的免疫保护性

应用RT-PCR技术扩增柔嫩艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株子孢子表面抗原3-1E基因,再克隆至质粒载体pMD18-T中,获得重组质粒pMD18-T-3-1E,采用EcoR I+Hind III双酶切法及PCR扩增鉴定正确后,将3-1E基因cDNA目的片段亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,获得重组质粒pET-32a-3-1E,用EcoR I+Hind III双酶切法及DNA测序证明cDNA序列完全正确.表达蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析表明,表达产物与预期大小(36.47 ku)一致,为可溶性表达.对诱导时间以及IPTG浓度的优化结果表明,当诱导6 h且IPTG浓度在0.8 mmol/L时表达量最大.Western-blot分析表明,表达的蛋白可被感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫鸡的阳性血清特异性识别.将重组3-1E蛋白纯化后分为肌注蛋白组和肌注蛋白加弗氏完全佐剂组免疫AA鸡,通过计算抗球虫指数检测其保护力.结果显示,肌注重组蛋白组与肌注重组蛋白加弗氏完全佐剂组均能刺激鸡体产生一定的免疫反应,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染产生有力的保护,其中后者优于前者,表明该重组3-1E蛋白具有研制成亚单位疫苗的潜力.     

A Preliminary Investigation into the Accuracy of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing in Forensic Anthropology Evidence Reconstruction,

There is currently no published empirical evidence‐base demonstrating 3D printing to be an accurate and reliable tool in forensic anthropology, despite 3D printed replicas being exhibited as demonstrative evidence in court. In this study, human bones (n = 3) scanned using computed tomography were reconstructed as virtual 3D models (n = 6), and 3D printed using six commercially available printers, with osteometric data recorded at each stage. Virtual models and 3D prints were on average accurate to the source bones, with mean differences from ?0.4 to 1.2 mm (?0.4% to 12.0%). Interobserver differences ranged from ?5.1 to 0.7 mm (?5.3% to 0.7%). Reconstruction and modeling parameters influenced accuracy, and prints produced using selective laser sintering (SLS) were most consistently accurate. This preliminary investigation into virtual modeling and 3D printer capability provides a novel insight into the accuracy of 3D printing osteological samples and begins to establish an evidence‐base for validating 3D printed bones as demonstrative evidence.     

A Computational Framework for Age‐at‐Death Estimation from the Skeleton: Surface and Outline Analysis of 3D Laser Scans of the Adult Pubic Symphysis

In forensic anthropology, age‐at‐death estimation typically requires the macroscopic assessment of the skeletal indicator and its association with a phase or score. High subjectivity and error are the recognized disadvantages of this approach, creating a need for alternative tools that enable the objective and mathematically robust assessment of true chronological age. We describe, here, three fully computational, quantitative shape analysis methods and a combinatory approach that make use of three‐dimensional laser scans of the pubic symphysis. We report a novel age‐related shape measure, focusing on the changes observed in the ventral margin curvature, and refine two former methods, whose measures capture the flatness of the symphyseal surface. We show how we can decrease age‐estimation error and improve prior results by combining these outline and surface measures in two multivariate regression models. The presented models produce objective age‐estimates that are comparable to current practices with root‐mean‐square‐errors between 13.7 and 16.5 years.     

Hierarchical,Three‐Dimensional Measurement System for Crime Scene Scanning

We present a new generation of three‐dimensional (3D) measuring systems, developed for the process of crime scene documentation. This measuring system facilitates the preparation of more insightful, complete, and objective documentation for crime scenes. Our system reflects the actual requirements for hierarchical documentation, and it consists of three independent 3D scanners: a laser scanner for overall measurements, a situational structured light scanner for more minute measurements, and a detailed structured light scanner for the most detailed parts of tscene. Each scanner has its own spatial resolution, of 2.0, 0.3, and 0.05 mm, respectively. The results of interviews we have conducted with technicians indicate that our developed 3D measuring system has significant potential to become a useful tool for forensic technicians. To ensure the maximum compatibility of our measuring system with the standards that regulate the documentation process, we have also performed a metrological validation and designated the maximum permissible length measurement error E_MPE for each structured light scanner. In this study, we present additional results regarding documentation processes conducted during crime scene inspections and a training session.     

Introducing the Open Clause to improve copyright flexibility in cyberspace? Analysis and commentary on the proposed “two-step test” in the Third Amendment to the Copyright Law of the PRC,in comparison with the EU and the US

The so called “three-step test”, that the limitations and exceptions of copyright shall be allowed in certain special cases, provided that they do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author, grants copyright flexibilities to balance the interests of all stakeholders, especially within the European system of circumscribed limitations and exceptions. This is essential for the domain of computer law, confronted by rapid and unpredictable global technological developments, and is, thus, enshrined in the most important international intellectual property (IP) treaties. Through the proposed third amendment to the Copyright Law of the PRC, the legislature intends to adopt this test while also introducing an open-ended list of limitations and exceptions that constitutes a China-specific “two-step test.” This contravenes prima facie the thesis endorsed by the WTO Panel in the case concerning Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act in 2000. In contrast, court decisions in China frequently apply the fair use doctrine of US copyright law, neglecting to consider its peculiar context of the US common law tradition and, thus, unduly expanding the Chinese courts' discretionary power.This paper summarizes the case law in China and takes a comparative approach to address the divergence between the judicial application of cyber copyright law and the existing legislation. It suggests revising the proposed Article 43 of the Copyright Law of the PRC to capture the due interpretation of the three-step test, thereby finessing the delineation between rights protection and free use with the compensation of remuneration under the principle of proportionality. It argues that transplanting the US fair use doctrine into Chinese copyright law is feasible, but with the preconditions of endeavouring to strengthen judicial reform to integrate the IP adjudication systems, enhancing the coherence and efficiency of copyright enforcement, and facilitating consistent dialogues between scholars, practitioners, and lawmakers.     

A Neoconservative Consensus in Russia?

This article analyzes the ideational consensus that has taken shape in contemporary Russian politics, including its key components, and factors both of stability and of potential erosion. Noting the extraordinary durability of this consensus, which is supported by factors including the duration of the regime itself, its support among elites and the bureaucracy, effective mobilizational propaganda and conservative orientations among the middle classes and dominant public opinion, the author draws attention to several factors – as yet less evident – that may in the future change the situation. Among these are the volatility of public opinion, potential intra-elite dynamics, and the internal contradictions of the neo-conservative idea itself.