The Formal Delegation of Regulatory Decisions in the Telecommunication Sector: An Explanation Using Classification Trees

Research on regulation has traditionally focused on studying the delegation of regulatory competencies from political principals to an independent regulatory agency. In this article, we argue that this delegation is nuanced by different factors that affect whether a specific regulatory decision is formally delegated. We examine and explain formal delegation patterns at the level of individual regulatory decisions in twelve countries located in Europe, Latin America, and South Asia. The data were gathered by coding the twelve countries' telecommunications legislation. The data analysis was undertaken using a classification tree model—a nonparametric model. We found that the maturity of the market has the greatest effect on the formal delegation of regulatory decisions, but this effect is also influenced by the other theoretical factors considered, particularly the level of political constraints and the type of regulation.     

The Space Between: Demonization of Opponents and Policy Divergence

Prior research on policy conflicts indicates a tendency among policy actors to misperceive the influence of actors engaged in policy debates based on the degree of distance between their relative policy positions. This research develops a measure for assessing the degree and direction of the misperception effect. This measure is then utilized as a dependent variable to assess the relationship between theoretically relevant factors and the degree to which actors will exaggerate the influence of their opponents and allies. The research uses original survey data of policy actors engaged in the debate over hydraulic fracturing in New York. The results indicate misperceptions of relative influence are prevalent and most associated with the experience of a policy loss and holding relatively extreme policy beliefs. The findings provide new insight into factors that influence the demonization of political opponents. These insights are timely in the context of polarized debates over environmental and energy policy in the United States.     

对我国经济转轨过程中产权体制改革的研究

产权制度是经济体制的“硬核”,国家经济转轨面临的根本任务在于如何尽快建起市场经济的体制“硬核”——多主体产权制度。市场经济体制的“硬核”——多主体产权制度建设的滞后带来的局部产权制度真空,造成的社会产权普遍残缺是我国产权制度的基本现状。这种产权普遍残缺对社会、经济带来了严重损害。我国应通过加快政治体制改革和健全完善法制来建立社会主义市场经济的多主体产权制度,顺利完成我国经济的转轨过程。     

Comparison of two methods for isolating DNA from human skeletal remains for STR analysis

Abstract: The quality and efficiency of a standard organic DNA isolation method and a silica‐based method using the QIAGEN Blood Maxi Kit were compared to obtain human DNA and short tandem repeats (STRs) profiles from 39 exhumed bone samples for paternity testing. DNA samples were quantified by real‐time PCR, and STR profiles were obtained using the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® PCR amplification kit. Overall, the silica‐based method recovered less DNA ranging from 0 to 147.7 ng/g (average 7.57 ng/g, median = 1.3 ng/g) than did the organic method ranging from 0 to 605 ng/g (average 44.27 ng/g, median = 5.8 ng/g). Complete profiles (16/16 loci tested) were obtained from 37/39 samples (95%) using the organic method and from 9/39 samples (23%) with the silica‐based method. Compared with a standard organic DNA isolation method, our results indicate that the published silica‐based method does not improve neither the quality nor the quantity of DNA for STR profiling.     

关于设立“特留份”制度的立法构想

“特留份”制度的产生源于对遗嘱自由的限制,当今世界各国不仅都在立法上对于遗嘱自由进行了一定程度的限制,而且从法律上规定被继承人应当为配偶和其他近血亲保留必要的遗产份额,已经成为世界上绝大多数国家的立法趋势。在新的社会条件下,我国立法应该怎样构建合理的遗嘱继承制度,从而保护配偶和其近血亲继承人的利益,是立法上急需解决的问题。本文对于有关这一问题的立法提出了自己的构想。     

DRD3基因对精神分裂症研究的法医学意义

阐明精神分裂症的病因和发病机制是医学面临的重要挑战之一,同时也是法医司法鉴定的重要内容之一.精神分裂症的多巴胺假说认为多巴胺能系统的失调是精神分裂症的病因,DRD3基因在脑中的区域性高表达以及其与众多精神疾病的阳性关联提示其在精神分裂症中的潜在重要性.本文综述了DRD3基因在精神分裂症的群体遗传学、动物模型和在人源细胞...     

“法律监督”概念内涵的中国流变

我国的“法律监督”概念,乃是在借鉴和理解苏联的检察机关定位、监督职能和“检察监督”概念之基础上形成的。苏联法中的“检察监督”,是在维护法制统一的目标下,以一般监督为核心,以垂直领导为组织保障所形成的概念。基于对“检察监督”的认知,“法律监督”在中国最初是作为一个法学概念被提出,并初步完成概念转型。“法律监督”入法成为法律概念后,在中国法的语境中生成新的意义,最终获得宪法上的内涵并具有了中国化的理念和制度内涵。在强化诉讼监督及监察体制改革的背景和“四大检察”新格局下,“法律监督”在职能维度成为一个具有宪制基础并拥有广泛监督职能的专门制度,是党领导下法治建设的重要成就之一。“法律监督”概念的核心内涵已经定型,但职权配置方面依然处在动态演进之中。     

A Computational Framework for Age‐at‐Death Estimation from the Skeleton: Surface and Outline Analysis of 3D Laser Scans of the Adult Pubic Symphysis

In forensic anthropology, age‐at‐death estimation typically requires the macroscopic assessment of the skeletal indicator and its association with a phase or score. High subjectivity and error are the recognized disadvantages of this approach, creating a need for alternative tools that enable the objective and mathematically robust assessment of true chronological age. We describe, here, three fully computational, quantitative shape analysis methods and a combinatory approach that make use of three‐dimensional laser scans of the pubic symphysis. We report a novel age‐related shape measure, focusing on the changes observed in the ventral margin curvature, and refine two former methods, whose measures capture the flatness of the symphyseal surface. We show how we can decrease age‐estimation error and improve prior results by combining these outline and surface measures in two multivariate regression models. The presented models produce objective age‐estimates that are comparable to current practices with root‐mean‐square‐errors between 13.7 and 16.5 years.     

“两国论”的社会基础与台湾政情

“两国论”不但有特殊的背景,而且有相当的社会基础,值得忧虑和警惕。但是,台湾的安全与稳定,台湾民众的福祉皆系于坚持“一个中国”的基本原则:因此,虽有人妄言修宪定国,却未敢冒险付诸行动;各“总统”候选人在竞选白热化之际打“两岸关系”牌,恰恰说明了台湾民众对“两国论”没有信心。