Keine Verordnungserlassung durch Kollegialbehörde mit richterlichem Einschlag (Übernahmekommission)

Kollegialbeh?rden mit richterlichem Einschlag sind verfassungsrechtlich nicht zur Verordnungserlassung befugt (teilw Abgehen von Vorjudikatur). Die Ausnahme in Art 133 Z 4 B-VG von Verwaltungsbeh?rden aus dem Weisungs- und Verantwortungszusammenhang mit obersten Organen stellt nur auf Beh?rden ab, die blo? zur Erlassung individueller Verwaltungsakte erm?chtigt sind. Die Verordnungserm?chtigung in Art 18 Abs 2 B-VG stellt auf den verfassungsrechtlich (hier durch Art 20 Abs 2 und Art 133 Z 4 B-VG) abgesteckten Wirkungsbereich der Verwaltungsbeh?rde ab. Die Zust?ndigkeit einer weisungsfreien Beh?rde zur Verordnungserlassung würde die Leitungsbefugnis oberster Organe beeintr?chtigen und w?re im Hinblick auf fehlende parlamentarische Kontrolle aus demokratischer Sicht bedenklich.     

人工感染禽腺病毒血清4型对鹅天然免疫反应的影响

将50只30日龄的健康鹅随机分为攻毒组、观察组和对照组,观察并采集样品,检测抗体水平、病毒血症、病毒载量,应用real-time PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测肝、心脏组织中β-防御素(Av BDs)、Toll样受体(TLRs)、细胞因子(cytokines)等基因表达量。初探人工感染鸡源禽腺病毒血清4型(FAdV-4)对鹅的致病性及机体对该病毒形成的天然免疫反应机制。结果显示,感染该FAdV-4毒株后,鹅均没有明显病症和死亡发生。宿主产生特异性抗体,并且肝、心脏组织出现病理学变化,宿主排毒率和病毒载量呈上升趋势。感染早期(36 h和72 h),Av BD1、2、5、9、16,TLR2、3、7、15,IL-1β、2、6、8、18以及髓样分化因子(My D88)在肝中的基因表达量显著上调(P<0.05)或有上调趋势。证实,鸡源FAdV-4对鹅的致病性较弱,可能与实验动物品种、日龄差异或感染途径等条件有关。宿主可通过TLRs-My D88途径引起机体产生大量的免疫因子,参与机体抗病毒免疫反应。本试验结果为深入研究FAdV-4与宿主早期天然免疫间的相互作用提供了新的参考。     

基于内存中的网络传输数据结构获取电子数据

电子数据取证实践中,获取嫌疑人进行网络信息传输涉及的IP地址、端口号、MAC地址以及对应进程信息,有助于全面深入揭示嫌疑人网络犯罪行为。基于IPv4首部、sockaddr_in、_TCPT_OBJECT、Ethernet V2标准MAC帧等四种数据结构于内存中的具体格式,归纳总结用于定位相关结构的特征关键字,同时通过实例说明提取网络传输电子证据的方法,并对过程中涉及的具体技术与注意事项予以阐述。电子数据取证实践证明,所述方法准确高效。     

《婚姻法》第 17 条第 4 项立法之商榷———兼论婚后继承或受赠财产的权利属性

《婚姻法》第 17 条第 4 项关于婚后继承或受赠财产原则上为夫妻共同财产的规定，引发了立法、司法和社会生活中的诸多问题。从共同财产认定的法理基础、该条与《婚姻法》第 18 条第 3 项之间的法律困惑、法律在本土化过程中出现的错误、该条存在的法律漏洞以及与相关法律的冲突等角度进行分析，提出废除该条款的立法建议。     

贯彻党的十七届四中全会精神 提高社会主义学院教学科学化水平

党的十七届四中全会通过的<中共中央关于加强和改进新形势下党的建设若干重大问题的决定>对于社会主义学院建设具有重要意义.学习贯彻党的十七届四中全会精神,最重要的是"提高党的建设科学化水平".这一要求集中体现了中国特色社会主义理论体系对党的建设的指导作用.社会主义学院发展特别是教学工作面临的突出问题是提高科学化水平的问题,也要以科学理论来指导,以科学制度来保障,以科学方法来推进.     

提高大学英语四级完形填空成绩的策略研究

历次四级考试成绩分析结果表明,完形填空的得分普遍较低。许多学生反映,完形填空部分是他们在CET一4中感到最棘手的一项。因此,研究完形填空的出题角度及题型特点,指导学生掌握一定的解题技巧及应试策略,对于提高四级考试整体成绩具有重要的现实意义。     

Analysis of Ecstasy Tablets Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection

A method for the identification of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) was developed employing capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D). Sample extraction, separation, and detection of “Ecstasy” tablets were performed in <10 min without sample derivatization. The separation electrolyte was 20 mm TAPS/Lithium, pH 8.7. Average minimal detectable amounts for MDMA and mCPP were 0.04 mg/tablet, several orders of magnitude lower than the minimum amount encountered in a tablet. Seven different Ecstasy tablets seized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by CE‐C⁴D and compared against routine gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The CE method demonstrated sufficient selectivity to discriminate the two target drugs, MDMA and mCPP, from the other drugs present in seizures, namely amphepramone, fenproporex, caffeine, lidocaine, and cocaine. Separation was performed in <90 sec. The advantages of using C⁴D instead of traditional CE‐UV methods for in‐field analysis are also discussed.     

合成毒品4-甲基甲卡西酮的危害及滥用的预防

4-甲基甲卡西酮是苯丙氨的衍生物质,是基于卡西酮的人工合成兴奋剂。本文对4-甲基甲卡西酮的起源和管制情况进行介绍,并进一步研究了其对人体的危害、依赖性及毒性。分析了我国预防4-甲基甲卡西酮滥用存在的问题,有针对性地提出解决对策。     

Interaction of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine during metabolism by in vitro human metabolic enzymes and in rats

Illicit amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) tablets commonly contain one or more active ingredients, which have hallucinogenic and/or stimulant effects. Because components such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (MA) in ATS tablets have similar chemical structures, they could be metabolized by common metabolic enzymes. To investigate potential metabolic interactions of ATS tablet components, we studied the in vitro metabolism of MDMA and MA using human metabolic enzymes. MDMA and MA were mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and mutually inhibited the production of their main metabolites. In vivo experiments were also performed using intravenous administration of MDMA, MA, or their mixture to rats. The plasma concentrations of MDMA and MA after co-administration were higher than those after administration of MDMA or MA alone. The results in this study imply that multiple components in ATS tablets can interact to mutually inhibit their metabolism and potentially enhance the toxicity of each component.     

Comparison of bulk and compound-specific δ13C isotope ratio analyses for the discrimination between cannabis samples

Five marijuana samples were compared using bulk isotope analysis compound-specific isotope ratio analysis of the extracted cannabinoids. Owing to the age of our cannabis samples, four of the five samples were compared using the isotope ratios of cannabinol (CBN), a stable degradation product of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Bulk δ(13)C isotope analysis discriminated between all five samples at the 95% confidence level. Compound-specific δ(13)C isotope analysis could not distinguish between one pair of the five samples at the 95% confidence level. All the measured cannabinoids showed significant depletion in (13)C relative to bulk isotope values; the isotope ratios for THC, CBN, and cannabidiol were on average 1.6‰, 1.7‰, and 2.2‰ more negative than the bulk values, respectively. A more detailed investigation needs to be conducted to assess the degree fractionation between the different cannabinoids, especially after aging.