成都地区汉族人群D2S441位点的遗传多态性研究

为研究 STR位点 D2S441的遗传多态性,为法医学应用提供基础数据,应用 PCR及 PAG电泳技术对 260名成都地区汉族无关个体进行了调查,共检出 9个等位基因及 26种基因型,首次获得汉族群体频率分布 ,其等位基因片段大小范围为 131～ 155bp。该位点基因型频率分布符合 Hardy－ Weinberg平衡。家系调查证实了等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。其个人识别能力（ Dp）、杂合度（ H）、多态性信息含量（ PIC）和非父排除率（ PE）分别为 0.9084、 0.7885、 0.7390和 0.5778,表明该位点在法医学个人识别及亲子鉴定中具有较高的实用价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中安眠酮及其苯甲基羟化代谢物的浓度

本文建立了用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定人血清中安眠酮及其苯甲基羟化代谢物-2-甲基-3[2-(羟甲基)-苯基]-4(3H)喹唑酮(Ⅰ)的浓度。安眠酮浓度在1-35μg/ml范围内呈直线相关(相关系数r=0.9980;回归方程y=0.06324x—0.1029),方法回收率平均为102.08±9.987(SD)％(n=5),检出限为1ng。其代谢物Ⅰ按原型安眠酮的线性浓度测定其相对量。本法为测定中毒者体内安眠酮及其代谢物Ⅰ的血浓度提供可行的手段。     

Detection of saliva traces using test strips

The test strip Rapignost-Amylase (Behring) for the rapid determination of alpha-amylase in the urine is also suitable for the determination of salivary amylase in stains stored up to 6 weeks at room temperature. The stains are extracted with physiological saline (extraction time 30 min), then the application zone of the strip is wetted with the extract. Positive amylase-reaction is recognised as a reddish-violet colouration of the reaction zone. Biological stains with low amylase concentrations (urine semen, vaginal secretion, mucus) react amylase negative. The method is uncomplicated and can be completed within 30 min. The test strips are easily available and stable during storage. Therefore the determination of saliva with test strips should be preferred to the clinical methods if the storage times of the stain are not longer than 4-6 weeks. It is a suitable procedure to determine salivary stains for use in forensic biology.     

D8S1179基因座等位基因丢失现象的研究

目的 探讨在进行STR分型时发生的等位基因“丢失”情况的原因。方法 分别采用Profiler Plus试剂盒和GenBank数据库设计的引物,对D8S1179基因座进行基因分型,并对丢失的等位基因进行测序分析。结果D8S1179基因座丢失的等位基因在第147位碱基出现G-A转换。在中国人群中,该位置出现碱基转换的频率是0.50×10-2(在2013个无关个体中观察到10例无关变异事件)。结论 第147位碱基转换正好位于Prfiler Plus试剂盒中D8S1179基因座的引物结合区域,导致扩增时等位基因丢失。     

Calculating Point of Origin of Blood Spatter Using Laser Scanning Technology

The point of origin of an impact pattern is important in establishing the chain of events in a bloodletting incident. In this study, the accuracy and reproducibility of the point of origin estimation using the FARO Scene software with the FARO Focus^3D laser scanner was determined. Five impact patterns were created for each of three combinations of distances from the floor (z) and the front wall (x). Fifteen spatters were created using a custom impact rig, scanned using the laser scanner, photographed using a DSLR camera, and processed using the Scene software. Overall results gave a SD = 3.49 cm (p < 0.0001) in the x‐direction, SD = 1.14 cm (p = 0.9291) in the y‐direction, and SD = 9.08 cm (p < 0.0115) in the z‐direction. The technique performs within literature ranges of accepted accuracy and reproducibility and is comparable to results reported for other virtual stringing software.     

Surface Curvature of Pelvic Joints from Three Laser Scanners: Separating Anatomy from Measurement Error

Recent studies have reported that quantifying symphyseal and auricular surface curvature changes on 3D models acquired by laser scanners has a potential for age estimation. However, no tests have been carried out to evaluate the repeatability of the results between different laser scanners. 3D models of the two pelvic joints were generated using three laser scanners (Custom, Faro, and Minolta). The surface curvature, the surface area, and the distance between co‐registered meshes were investigated. Close results were found for surface areas (differences between 0.3% and 2.4%) and for distance deviations (average <20 μm, SD <200 μm). The curvature values were found to be systematically biased between different laser scanners, but still showing similar trends with increasing phases/scores. Applying a smoothing factor to the 3D models, it was possible to separate anatomy from the measurement error of each instrument, so that similar curvature values could be obtained (p < 0.05) independent of the specific laser scanner.     

BAT在非离子型造影剂过敏反应中的诊断价值

目的通过测定免疫正常人、β-内酰胺类药物过敏者以及非离子型造影剂过敏者血液中CD63、肥大细胞羧肽酶A3(MC-CPA3)、人末端补体复合物SC5b-9,探讨嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验(basophil activation test,BAT)在非离子型造影剂过敏反应中的诊断价值。方法采用流式细胞术测定全血中嗜碱性粒细胞CD63表达率。采用ELISA法测定血清中MC-CPA3、血浆中SC5b-9含量。结果非离子型造影剂和β-内酰胺类药物过敏者血液中嗜碱性粒细胞CD63表达率、MC-CPA3以及SC5b-9含量均较免疫正常人升高(P0.05)。结论非离子型造影剂过敏者血液中嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞发生活化,补体系统的激活也参与了非离子型造影剂过敏反应的发生。流式细胞术分析BAT可作为非离子型造影剂过敏反应的诊断方法。     

Productivity growth of East Asia economies' manufacturing: A decomposition analysis

Applying a stochastic production frontier to sector-level data within manufacturing, this paper examines total factor productivity (TFP) growth for seven East Asian economies during 1963–98, using both single country and cross-country regressions. The analysis focuses on the trend in technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. The empirical results reveal that although input factor accumulation is still the main source for East Asian economies' growth, TFP growth is accounting for an increasing and important proportion of output growth, among which the improved TEC plays a crucial role in productivity growth.     

Political Institutions and Public R&D Expenditures in Democratic Countries

While research and development (R&D) expenditure is crucial in a nation's competitive advantage, factors determining levels of public investment in R&D have yet to be examined. This article seeks to fill this void, focusing on different democratic institutions such as presidential versus parliamentary systems, majoritarian versus proportional electoral systems, federal versus unitary systems, bicameral versus unicameral legislatures, and the effective number of parties. Building upon theories of political institutions and government size and utilizing public R&D appropriations data from 18 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries between 1981 and 2007, this article reports that democratic institutions do matter in the levels of public R&D spending. However, the effect is more complicated across the different types and performers of research than expected. Additionally, the effect of one institutional dimension is found to be moderated by the existence of the other dimensions, which makes it clearly more challenging to sort out different degrees and directions of the relationships between R&D expenditures and political institutions.