中国共产党对五四精神的继承和发扬

五四运动孕育了以爱国主义为核心的爱国、进步、民主、科学的精神.中国共产党在不同的历史时期,面对不同的形势和任务,始终把爱国主义与人民群众推动社会进步的实践结合起来,并化作领导革命、建设、改革、发展的精神动力.中国共产党在革命和建设、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大征程中,坚定地实践着、创造性地发展着五四的民主与科学精神.     

五四纪念与五四传播—以中国共产党的五四纪念为考察对象

中国共产党的五四纪念活动是党领导中国青年运动的一个历史轨迹,推动了青年运动的蓬勃发展。正是年年的五四纪念活动,使得五四运动得到正确的历史阐释、五四象征符号有了传播机会以及五四精神得以弘扬和延续,指明了一代又一代中国青年的活动方向。     

Inside Lobbying on the Regulation of New Plant Breeding Techniques in the European Union: Determinants of Venue Choices

In July 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union decided that new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) fall within the scope of the restrictive provisions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Previously, various actors had lobbied in order to influence the European Union’s (EU’s) regulatory decision on NPBTs. This study examines the venue choices taken by Cibus, a biotech company that promoted NPBT deregulation. It shows that the firm bypassed the EU level and that it lobbied competent authorities (CAs) in certain member states to gain support for the deregulation of NPBTs. Cibus chose the CAs because their institutional “closedness” reduced the risk of the debate over the deregulation of NPBTs becoming public. However, the CA’s specific competences and their influence on EU decision making were of likewise importance. The firm lobbied CAs based in Finland, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Two factors appear to have influenced Cibus’ choices for these countries: high‐level political support for agribiotech and the high relevance of biotech sectors. In contrast, public support for GMOs turned out to have hardly any influence, and virtually no association could be observed for the agricultural application of biotechnology in the past nor for the weakness of domestic anti‐GMO lobby groups. Finally, the in‐depth study on Germany affirms that “closedness” was important for Cibus’ choices and reveals that technical information served as a venue‐internal factor that influenced the firm’s choices.     

The Political Viability of Carbon Pricing: Policy Design and Framing in British Columbia and California

The adoption of climate policies with visible, substantial costs for households is uncommon because of expected political backlash, but British Columbia's carbon tax and California's cap‐and‐trade program imposed such costs and still survived vigorous opposition. To explain these outcomes, this article tests hypotheses concerning policy design, framing, energy prices, and elections. It conducts universalizing and variation‐finding comparisons across three subcases in the two jurisdictions and uses primary sources to carry out process tracing involving mechanisms of public opinion and elite position‐taking. The article finds strong support for the timing of independent energy price changes, exogenous causes of election results, reducing the visibility of carbon pricing, and using public‐benefit justifications, as well as some support for making concessions to voters. By contrast, the effects of the use of revenue, industry exemptions/compensations, and making polluters pay are not uniform, because the effects of revenue use depend on how it is embedded in coalition building efforts and a middle path between exempting or compensating industry and burdening it appears to be more effective than pursuing just one or the other approach.     

The Indonesian killings of 1965–1966: the case of Central Java

The mass killings of 1965–1966 in Indonesia marked a watershed in its history. The consensus estimate of lives lost is 500,000. In this paper, demographic and geographic methods are used to characterize the violence in Central Java, one of the worst-affected provinces. The findings provide a portrait of the violence and its dynamics. This portrait highlights the likely complicity of a diverse array of political opponents of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). The findings also provide evidence supporting Clifford Geertz's three-aliran (cultural “stream”) model of Javanese society, with the complex interplay of the three aliran and the Indonesian Army in the political realm producing the violent outcomes of 1965–1966. In this manner, this study builds on prior work by Hefner, Jay, Lyon, Mortimer, and Ricklefs on the cultural and social underpinnings of the violence. It also builds on more recent work on the neighboring province of East Java in which the role of two of the three alirans was found to be a significant factor, underlining the importance of the intersection of culture, geography, and politics in understanding this violent episode in Indonesian history.     

五四时期婚姻观的变革

五四时期,中国社会发生了广泛而深刻的变革,其中,妇女解放也取得了重要进展.一些进步人士揭露和批判了旧社会对妇女的严重摧残,提出了妇女解放的主张以及婚姻改良的办法,对中国社会发展和文化进步产生了积极影响.     

The G20's role in legitimating global capitalism: beyond crisis diplomacy?

The rising profile of the G20 in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis has led to various forms of concern about the legitimacy of this forum. While debates about the legitimacy of the G20 are important and ongoing, they overlook the important observation that the G20 is also attempting to perform a key role in legitimating global capitalism. This role of legitimating global capitalism emphasises the importance of the G20 to act, and be seen to act, to normalise global capitalism, to strengthen global economic governance, and also facilitate a political consensus with regard to key policy issues. This essay critically examines the role that the G20 plays in legitimating global capitalism and contends that the G20 is not just a technical forum of international policy-making but also a political forum for creating and performing visible responses to problems which are seen to be socially responsive.     

狂犬病病毒aG株G基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

为了研究狂犬病病毒aG株的进化情况,分析狂犬病病毒的遗传变异和基因功能,采用BHK-21细胞培养繁殖狂犬病病毒aG株,运用RT-PCR扩增G基因,将其与pMD18-T simple vector连接后转化JM109感受态细胞,经PCR扩增和测序分析进行鉴定,用生物信息学软件预测其功能,并构建系统进化树。结果显示,狂犬病病毒G蛋白基因全长1 575bp,包含1个阅读框(ORF),编码524个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,G蛋白的分子质量为58 377.22u,理论等电点为7.080,半衰期为30h(体外哺乳类网状细胞),不稳定系数为42.99,脂肪指数为88.45,总平均亲水性为-0.106,最大疏水性为3.489,最小疏水性为-2.600,信号肽序列为1～19位氨基酸残基,跨膜区结构分析显示该蛋白为跨膜蛋白,预测可能包含有4个N-糖基化作用位点,2处基于cAMP和cGMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,13处蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,12处酪蛋白Ⅱ磷酸化位点;1处酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点;9处N豆蒄酰化位点;1个酰胺化位点。系统进化分析表明,aG株G蛋白与DRV株进化距离最近。     

马疱疹病毒糖蛋白G基因C-末端的原核表达

为获得马疱疹病毒1型(EHV1)和4型(EHV4)糖蛋白G(gG),对克隆载体pMD-1gG和pMD-4gG分别进行BamHⅠ+SalⅠ和EcoRⅠ+HindⅢ双酶切,将所得片段分别插入表达载体pGEX-6P-1和pET28a(+)中,构建了重组质粒pGEX-1gG和pET-4gG。经双酶切和序列鉴定为阳性后,将重组质粒pGEX-1gG转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)、重组质粒pET-4gG转化入大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达后对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果显示,分别在35和17ku处出现与预期大小相符的目的条带。Western-blot结果证实,目的蛋白均具有良好的反应原性。表明,成功实现了EHV1gG和EHV4gG蛋白的正确表达,初步鉴定其具有良好的反应原性。     

Isolation and Identification of Three By‐products Found in Methylamphetamine Synthesized by the Emde Route

This article describes the isolation and structural elucidation of three compounds produced during the synthesis of methylamphetamine by the so‐called “Emde” procedure. The “Emde” procedure involves the preparation of the intermediate chloropseudoephedrine or chloroephedrine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, respectively. The intermediates are then reduced to methylamphetamine with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The by‐product compounds were isolated from methylamphetamine by column chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR), and nanospray quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF‐MS) were used to identify them as two stereoisomers of the compound N, N′‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenylhexane‐2,5‐diamine and N‐methyl‐1‐{4‐[2‐(methylamino)propyl]phenyl}‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐amine.