Vitreous Fluid and/or Urine Glucose Concentrations in 1335 Civil Aviation Accident Pilot Fatalities*

Abstract: During aviation accident investigations, vitreous fluid and urine samples from pilot fatalities are analyzed for glucose and blood for hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) to monitor diabetic pilots and to discover other pilots with undiagnosed/unreported diabetes. The prevalence of elevated glucose concentrations in fatally injured pilots was evaluated by searching the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s Toxicology Database for the period 1998–2005. Out of 1335 pilots involving 363 vitreous fluid, 365 urine, and 607 vitreous fluid and urine analyses, 43 pilots had elevated glucose in vitreous fluid (>125 mg/dL) and/or in urine (>100 mg/dL). Of the 20 pilots whose blood samples were analyzed, nine had >6% HbA_1c—four were known diabetics, and five were unknown diabetics. Urinary glucose levels were elevated in all 13 known hyperglycemic pilots. A considerable number of pilots (30 of 43) had elevated glucose and HbA_1c (5 of 20), suggesting undiagnosed/unreported diabetic conditions.     

Bacterial Profiling of Soil Using Genus‐Specific Markers and Multidimensional Scaling*

Abstract: Forensic identification of soil based on microbial DNA fingerprinting has met with mixed success, with research efforts rarely considering temporal variability or local heterogeneity in soil’s microbial makeup. In the research presented, the nitrogen fixing bacteria rhizobia were specifically examined. Soils were collected monthly from five habitats for 1 year, and quarterly in each cardinal direction from the main collection site. When all habitats were compared simultaneously using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of the rhizobial recA gene and multidimensional scaling, only two were differentiated over a year’s time, however pairwise comparisons allowed four of five soils to be effectively differentiated. Adding in 10‐foot distant soils as “questioned” samples correctly grouped them in 40–70% of cases, depending on restriction enzyme used. The results indicate that the technique has potential for forensic soil identification, although extensive anthropogenic manipulation of a soil makes such identification much more tentative.     

TAR DNA结合蛋白43的表达与脑损伤的相关性研究进展

TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TAR DNA-binding domain protein 43,TDP-43)是一种高度保守、广泛表达的核蛋白。如今发现TDP-43在大多数神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症患者中表达,为神经退行性疾病相关的标记蛋白。本文从目前国内外的研究现状出发,围绕TDP-43的表达与脑损伤的相关性,在对TDP-43生物学特性认识的基础上,着重探讨TDP-43在急、慢性颅脑损伤中的特殊表达与作用,从而探索TDP-43在法医病理学中确定死亡原因、判定致伤致残情况的可行性。     

Self-control Depletion and the General Theory of Crime

Criminological research on self-control focuses mainly on self-control failure. Such research has not, however, investigated the consequences of exercising self-control for the individual doing so. The present study investigates this issue within the framework of both criminological self-control theory and research on self-control depletion from social psychology, which depicts self-control as akin to a “muscle” that is “depletable” by prior use [Muraven and Baumeister (2000) Psycholog Bull 126:247–259]. Results are presented from a laboratory experiment in which students have the opportunity to cheat. Both “trait self-control,” as measured by the Grasmick et al. [(1993) J Res Crime Delinq 30:5–29] self-control inventory, and “self-control depletion” independently predicted cheating. The implications of these findings are explored for criminological perspectives on self-control and offender decision-making.

弗洛伊德主义与文学初探

心理学作为“一门实验科学(从1800年起经过了七十年)”步入文化界以来,不断发展壮大,新的流派层出不穷,其影响已远远超出了心理学本身的领域,它波及到了人类学,语言学,生理学,美学和文学艺术。精神分析学派犹如异军突起,从一开始的一支“叛军”逐渐扩展到社会科学的各个领域。进而变成了一种“心理学的体系和无所不包的人生哲学”。作为这一派的创始人西格蒙·弗洛伊德的名字也随着“弗洛伊德主义”(Freudianism)这一术语的产生而蜚声文化界。令人感到奇怪的是,弗洛伊德主义在心理学界并不十分受到推崇景仰,其影响倒是在文学     

对《刑法》第277条有关问题的认识

新《刑法》第277条的规定及该条规定在适用过程中存在以下问题:1郾两高司法解释对该条确定的罪名不当,应确定为四个罪名,即阻碍国家工作人员执行职务罪,阻碍人大代表执行职务罪、阻碍红十字会工作人员履行职责罪和阻碍执行国家安全工作任务罪;2郾该条第4款在刑法理论及逻辑上存在矛盾,应将阻碍安全工作任务罪与拒绝履行国家安全义务罪分列。另外,新《刑法》第242条的规定纯属多余,应予删去。     

构建“禁毒系统工程”体系的思考

禁毒系统工程指从系统思想出发,将禁毒工作视为由相互联系因素所构成的有机整体,运用系统工程的方法进行各项禁毒措施的制定、实施和监督、反馈,并通过国家或各种社会力量来保障实现总体目标的管理方法。其子系统包括禁毒决策系统、禁毒实施系统、禁毒监控系统、禁毒反馈系统四部分。禁毒系统工程体系要有效运作,就要有计划地协调各子系统开展禁毒工作,子系统与禁毒相关工作的管理与控制、设计与开展都必须服从于禁毒系统工程的需求。     

人道主义与性别意识对接后的尴尬--以《这里的黎明静悄悄……》为例谈人道主义的不彻底性

本文从小说《这里的黎明静悄悄……》入手,借助对小说文本的剖析,一路追问抽象模拟的人道主义理论在文艺作品中遭遇具体化、个性化、集中化处理时,不得不直面的尴尬:创作主体由于无法超越的性别定位,使人道主义与性别意识的话语对接在艺术层面造成断裂的遗憾。在这种意义上的战争题材对于人道主义的表现,留下了深深的遗憾,即一半的人道主义。     

《红楼梦》双关语人名翻译中的归化与异化

双关语为文学作品中人物命名时较为常用的修辞手段。《红楼梦》双关语人名中双关语的构成,从归化与异化视角等方面对人名中双关语翻译策略与方法进行分析与阐释,并就两个全译本在双关语人名翻译中的归化与异化进行分析与比较,在翻译过程中有深刻的文化意识,即意识到两种文化的异同。具体的翻译方法应视具体情况而定。归化与异化有相互对立的方面,但是最终的方向应该是互补的。     

Legal ‘Elasticity’ and ‘Sidestepping’ in European Crisis Management of Financial Markets

This paper explores the roles played by law in crisis management of financial markets and some possible consequences. Three questions are raised ‐‐about the ‘elastic’ use of law, about ‘sidestepping’ existing legal order by invention of new structures and about redistributive consequences. These questions are appraised empirically in relation to three areas of financial market law: public support given to banking from 2008 onwards; English case law concerning derivatives contracts when confronted with Lehman‐style insolvencies; and the European Stability Mechanism, which during summer 2015 was being primed in relation to Greece. On the first two case studies, law, having been mightily stretched, did not break. Likewise, legal sidestepping, as epitomised by the European Stability Mechanism, may result in a less coherent legal structure; however such incoherence may be not be fatal to the ensemble. On all three fronts, redistributive questions remain controversial, but controversy in itself does not undermine legal structures. A particular form of theory, the Legal Theory of Finance, is discussed in light of the case studies. Such theory may have an unfulfilled longing to discern law‐like regularities (ironically chasing economics).