Why Women Don’t Win Literary Awards: The Saltire Society Literary Awards and Implicit Stereotyping

The purpose of this analysis is to consider the Saltire Society’s Book of the Year and First Book of the Year Awards in relation to wider issues pertaining to media representations of Scottish literary and publishing culture. Through a statistical analysis of the Society’s Book of the Year and First Book of the Year shortlists and winners between 1988 and 2014, this examination shows the extent to which the Society’s Literary Awards reflect, as opposed to subvert, historic and existing gender imbalances in Scottish literary and publishing culture. Indeed, despite critics arguing that there was a change in tide in the late 1980s and early 1990s regarding the balance in gender representation in Scottish literature, this analysis suggests that Scotland’s book award culture, and in turn, literary culture more widely, remains dominated by men. Perceptions of the apparent ‘balancing’ of the gender disparity in Scottish writing do not align with the statistics discussed here, a fact further evidence by misconceptions held by members of the Society’s own Literary Awards judging panels. Accordingly, this article contends that such inconsistencies lend credence to the argument that the Society’s judges have participated in implicit stereotyping based upon culturally pervasive stereotypes’ that Scottish women writers play a ‘minor’ role in Scottish literary and publishing culture.     

Gender differences in European volunteer rates

The main goal of this research is to identify the reasons for gender differences in European volunteer rates in different types of voluntary organisations. To that end, we focus in volunteer rates at individual and national levels. We have drawn our data from the European Values Survey (EVS, 1999 and 2008). We have employed Logit models carrying out independent estimations for the individual likelihood of working as a volunteer for four categories: social awareness, professional, education and social justice. We have carried out independent estimations and we have also repeated estimations by gender subsamples. Our main result is that social factors might be even more relevant for decisions to volunteer than individual socio-economic factors. Specifying the peer group as much as possible allows better control of social variables. For example, studying the female volunteer rate is more relevant to control for the female national NGO membership rate than the total national rate. We also highlight important gender differences. For example, education is positively correlated with decisions to volunteer for both genders in all categories, but the educational effect is stronger for men in relation to professional activities and stronger for women in relation to social awareness and social justice activities.     

A Model for Female-Perpetrated Domestic Violence

Child abuse often coexists with intimate partner violence. However, limited studies incorporate both phenomena in a single study. Moreover, the examination of female-on-male violence is an important development. Hence, an intrinsic case study of domestic violence is presented to provide insights regarding the nature and impact of female-perpetrated violence. The research approach was qualitative and demonstrated that a model for abusive behavior seems to be similar for both sexes. The data revealed theoretical trends such as the reality of an intergenerational transmission of violence into adulthood, as well as abusive partners presenting with borderline traits.     

论湖南农村留守妇女之特性与救助策略

湖南农村留守妇女承受着与全国其他农村留守妇女一样的苦与痛。与此同时,湖南独特的地理位置、人文环境,也造就了她们与众不同的特性。对待湖湘留守妇女的救济,着力点应为大湘西,需采取针对性的举措予以切实救济。     

不一样的留守生活——对农村留守妇女上班族的个案研究

以苏北S村为例对农村留守妇女上班族的时间配置、社会支持网络、社会身份认同等方面进行的调查发现,农村留守妇女上班族在时间配置上,工作和家务劳动占据了主要部分,闲暇时间她们的生活较为丰富;留守妇女上班族的社会支持网中,同事和工作中认识的留守妇女为她们提供了情感支持和信息支持,在工具性支持上,她们和一般农村留守妇女没有差别;留守妇女上班族对社会身份的认同是通过经济独立、家庭地位提高等维持的;留守妇女上班族在工作获得途径、安全保障和工作保障方面面临困境。     

20世纪90年代以来的近代中国妇女史研究综述

20世纪90年代以来的近代中国妇女史研究取得了令人可喜的成果,成立了一批研究机构和学会,扩大了研究领域和范围,更新了研究视角和方法,发表、出版了可观的论著,从而促进了整个史学的发展。但就总体水平而言,高质量、高水准的成果并不多见,妇女史作为历史学科的一个分支学科,并未引起足够的重视,主要是资料的不足、分散,限制了近代中国妇女史研究的进一步拓展和深化。要真正确立妇女史的学科地位,尚需学术界的艰辛努力。     

中国共产党创建初期的妇女解放思想研究

妇女解放是全人类解放的重要组成部分,中国共产党在创立之初就意识到妇女解放的重要价值。建党初期就"妇女"群体以及"妇女运动"性质作出适时判断,在关于妇女的决议、妇女运动思想的宣传、主要内容以及对妇女运动的领导等方面均有体现。中国共产党在当时社会历史背景下的妇女解放事业,呈现出复杂性、国际性以及主体性转变等特点。     

女性人才参政现状与问题改进探讨——基于人力资源开发学的思考

女性参政是提高妇女地位的一个重要方面,也是女性人才开发的重要途径,更是衡量一个国家社会发展和文明进步的重要标志之一。我国女性参政的发展已取得了一定的成绩,但女性参政、女性人才开发仍受到性别、政策歧视、自身意识等因素的影响。社会需要充分认识女性参政的重要性,优化女性参政的社会环境;女性自身需要强化自主意识,增强参政的信心;家庭要对女性参政给予支持;国家需要在政策上为女性参政提供保障,加大女性教育和培训力度,健全女性领导干部培养选拔体系。     

加强社会主义新农村建设进程中的农村妇女素质教育

在社会主义新农村建设进程中,加强农村妇女的素质教育十分重要。目前,农村妇女存在着思想意识滞后、科学文化素质低和自身定位低诸多问题。必须把农村妇女素质教育作为一项基本战略,提高农村妇女的科技文化素质以适应新农村建设的需要,加强农村妇女的思想道德教育来提高她们的整体素质。     

社会支持网络与农村妇女发展——女村长与村落发展的案例分析

社会支持网络有助于缓解贫困妇女的社会处境。要建立农村妇女的社会支持网络,首先,要通过与外界的交流唤醒农村妇女自身的发展意识;其次要增强她们的人力资本,发挥她们所处的家庭与村落的即时支持性功能;最后,构建农村妇女异质化的村外社会支持网络,达到增强其自身发展能力,改善其发展环境,从而提高其社会地位的目的。