《治安管理处罚法》实施中的难点及对策

《治安管理处罚法》已经施行两年多了，它在尊重和保障人权、防止警察滥用职权、促进治安管理的法治化等方面都发挥了很大的作用。但在两年多的执法实践中，也凸显了一些问题，既有立法层面的缺陷，也有运用中理解的偏差，既有实体规定方面的漏洞，也有程序规定方面的不足，从而给执法人员、公民切实依法保护权利带来了一定的困难。在分析存在问题的基础上，提出进一步贯彻实施《治安管理处罚法》的对策，以维护良好的社会治安秩序。     

行政裁量收缩论的形成与展开——以危险防止型行政为中心

行政裁量收缩论是对行政裁量进行限制、对行政裁量(包括作为和不作为)合法性进行判断的一种理论。这一理论来自于20世纪初的德国行政法,主要适用于国家赔偿和科以义务诉讼领域,并为日本行政法所继受,在我国的司法实践中亦有所运用。它既承认行政裁量的价值,又在一定情况下将行政裁量压缩至零,将行政裁量权限义务化、羁束化。这种将行政便宜主义限制合理范围之内的理论也正是其合理性和生命力之所在。     

服务型政府论要

当前,我国政府突出强调服务型政府的建设,这是人民政府建设的本质要求,也是我国政府为人民服务的根本体现。政府确立尊重和保护公民权利观念,是构建服务型政府的制度性起点。明确我国与西方服务型政府建设的差异性,是推进本土化服务型政府建设的重要借鉴。责任政府的营造和行政程序化的完善是构建我国服务型政府的基本路径。     

建设服务型政府:中国行政改革的新取向——兼论服务型政府的理论误区与实践策略

我国的行政改革分为两个阶段,即小型政府和服务型政府。建设服务型政府是我国行政改革的目标取向。准确把握服务型政府的科学内涵,是建设服务型政府的前提。建设服务型政府,必须建立完善的政务公开制度,实施绩效管理,合理划分中央和地方权限,推行电子政务,实现"善治"政府。     

Orphan drug incentives in the pharmacogenomic context: policy responses in the US and Canada

Advances in pharmacogenomic research and increasing industry interest in personalized medicine have important implications for the way that orphan drug policies are interpreted and applied. Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of pharmacogenomics and new genomic technologies on our understanding of how disease categories are delineated, and subsequently, how the concept of rare disease should be defined for the purposes of orphan drug policies. This article considers whether orphan drug legislation can be drafted in a way that will maximize benefits and minimize concerns relating to the impact of pharmacogenomics on orphan drug research and development. After reviewing the issues that may arise at the intersection of orphan drug policies and pharmacogenomics, this article will discuss the potential impact of pharmacogenomics at two critical points: orphan designation and approval of the drug product. At each of these points, the relevant aspects of current US orphan drug legislation are examined, focusing on the extent to which recent amendments may address concerns that have been raised previously. This analysis will then provide the foundation for a critical review and recommendations regarding the proposed new Canadian orphan drug framework.     

交通事故快速处理工作创新机制探究

交通事故处理工作作为社会管理工作的一个组成部分,起到了维护交通秩序,维持社会安定的重要作用。在发生的交通事故中,车辆擦碰的轻微车物损失事故占很大比例,对这些交通事故进行快速处理既方便群众、减少交警的工作量,同时也缓解了交通堵塞。通过建立党组织和政府为领导核心、交警依法行政为依托、保险公司服务为基础的"三位一体"的社会管理新体制,优化社会资源,通过建立健全保险公司的快速理赔、交通事故现场快处快撤、驾驶人奖惩等保障机制,实现轻微道路交通事故快处、快撤、快赔。     

Ombudsman for Bangladesh: Theory and Reality

Abstract

Although the term “Ombudsman” is a relatively unfamiliar term in Bangladesh in general, it is widely used and is a practiced technique of ensuring administrative accountability and transparency in western developed countries. The offices of Ombudsmen, as currently found in an increasing number of countries, are institutions of government design to meet the perceived needs as to both out come and process. Their objectives are to secure fairness, integrity, accountability and efficiency in public affairs, by methods conductive to promoting confidence in all institutions of the state. In reality the Ombudsman's office is seen as an institution, which has been established in regional jurisdictions in order to promote high standards of public administration and management, and to protect the right of citizens in their dealing with government. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the role of the “Ombudsman” concept and why it is needed and how it can be institutionalized in Bangladesh. In doing so, the article has been divided into two parts. Part I discusses the conceptual framework of the Ombudsman while part II throws light on the prospects and problems of this concept in Bangladesh as attempts are being made to establish the office of the Ombudsman.     

浅析“钓鱼执法”的社会危害与防范对策

"钓鱼执法"的本质就是违法行政,其不仅破坏了执法公正,破坏了人与人之间的和谐信任,而且严重损害了政府的公信力。防范"钓鱼执法"行为发生的对策有:必须坚持依法行政;对执法部门进行正确政绩观的教育;提高执法人员的素质;建立健全长期有效的监督监察制度。     

涉及商业秘密的政府信息公开问题初探

涉及商业秘密的政府信息是法定的公开例外种类之一。与涉及国家秘密的政府信息属于强制例外不同,涉及商业秘密的政府信息,行政机关具有部分自由裁量权。然而,由于缺乏对“商业秘密”、“公共利益”等要件的界定,同时也没有明确行政机关对此类政府信息的审查程序,因此,在实践中存在较大争议,有必要对政府信息公开语境下的商业秘密界定、公开程序的操作设想以及此类信息中的可分割性原则的适用等问题进行研究。