冠状动脉急性病变斑块内Toll样受体-4表达的研究

目的探讨Toll样受体4（TLR4）与冠状动脉粥样硬化（AS）斑块急性病变的关系。方法从本教研室2004～2007年尸检档案中挑选24例病例及其心脏标本。分为实验组（有冠脉急性病变的SCD者）、对照组Ⅰ（无冠脉急性病变的SCD者）和对照组Ⅱ（冠脉无严重AS的暴力死者）等3组，每组8例。用免疫组化SABC法和图像分析技术定量检测TLR4在各组冠状动脉AS斑块内表达的平均光密度值（OD），所得数据用SPSS14．0统计学软件进行分析处理并比较各组间的差异。结果实验组冠状动脉AS斑块中TLR4表达呈强阳性，对照组Ⅰ呈相对较弱的阳性表达，而对照组Ⅱ冠状动脉壁及轻度增厚的内膜处均未见阳性表达，其OD值（0．4662±0．0190）与两个对照组（分别为0．3361±0．0165，0．2463±0．0190）相比，对照组Ⅰ与对照组Ⅱ相比，其差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论冠状动脉AS斑块中TLR4的表达情况可视作为冠状动脉AS斑块发生急性病变的一个病理诊断指标，也是诊断冠心病猝死的重要依据之一。     

Forensic applications of stable isotope analysis: Case studies of the origins of water in mislabeled beer and contaminated diesel fuel

This paper describes the use of oxygen (¹⁸O) isotope analysis of water contained in two different materials — beer and diesel fuel — involved in the resolution of two separate cases. In the first case study, it was possible to demonstrate that a sample of beer labelled as premium brand in fact belonged to a cheap brand. The second case related to the contamination of diesel fuel from a service station. The diesel fuel contained visible amounts of water, which caused vehicles that had been filled up with it to become defective. For insurance purposes, it was necessary to determine the source of water. The δ¹⁸O values for the water of nearly all samples of diesel was close to the δ¹⁸O of local tap water at the filling station.     

信用证非单据条款研究

从分析信用证上面的条款着手,在不损害信用证独特性质的前提下,利用合同法的理论,通过将体现开证行和受益人合意的、单据性要求的条款称为信用证“单据条款”来界定其反面——信用证非单据性条款;分析了相关的法律对于信用证非单据性条款的规定,以厘清法律对于这种条款的意见;通过比较分析两个相似的信用证非单据条款判决来分析司法实务界的看法,指出法院在处理非单据条款的时候会突破UCP500第13条(C)的规定而适用合同法。最后对如何处理这种条款提出了建议。     

云南汉族NR3C1基因多态性与暴力攻击行为相关性

目的为了探讨云南汉族人群糖皮质激素受体基因(NR3C1)多态性与攻击行为的相关性。方法应用改良多重高温连接酶反应(improve multiplex ligasedetection reaction,iMLDR)技术检测194例云南汉族有攻击行为的监狱服刑人员和301例健康对照样本的NR3C1基因SNPs(rs6190、rs6191、rs6198、rs41423247、rs56149945)基因型,采用SPSS19.0软件、PHASE2.1平台进行统计学分析。结果 rs6191和rs41423247单个基因座的等位基因分布在非攻击组与攻击组、抢劫亚组和故意伤害亚组中均无显著性差异;rs41423247的基因型在非攻击组与抢劫亚组中的分布有显著性差异(p=0.048);构建的4种单倍型分布在非攻击组与攻击组、抢劫亚组和故意伤害亚组中均无显著性差异。结论云南汉族人群NR3C1基因的rs41423247基因座的单基因座多态性可能与指向他人的躯体攻击行为相关,rs6191基因座的单基因座多态性可能与暴力攻击行为无关。     

Case of Fatal Starvation: Can Stable Isotope Analysis Serve to Support Morphological Diagnosis and Approximate the Length of Starvation?

The diagnosis of death as a result of starvation is established on anthropological measurements, visual appearance of the deceased on external and internal examination, microscopic analysis, laboratory testing, and exclusion of other causes of death. Herein, we present our findings on a case of 95‐year‐old man who died of starvation. After the diagnosis of starvation was established by traditional forensic medicine methods, we have conducted retrospective segmental analysis of stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotope ratios in hair sample. This method reveals periods of starvation through decrease in δ¹³C and increase in δ¹⁵N along the strand of hair. Our analysis revealed the decrease of 0.6 ‰ in δ¹³C during the last 10–12 weeks prior to death, similar as reported in other investigations. Also, a decrease of 0.7 ‰ in δ¹⁵N during the last 8–10 weeks prior to death was determined that was different than observed in previous studies.     

兔悬挂双前肢致死组织中PKC、AchE、HSP70的活性变化

目的观察兔悬挂双前肢致死不同组织中PKC、AchE、HSP70的活性变化,探讨其在死亡机制中的作用。方法家兔双前肢悬挂致死亡,取膈肌、肋间肌、心肌、腓肠肌、大脑、脑干、肝、肾、肺等组织,以勒颈、颅脑损伤和疾病死亡相应组织为对照。采用SP法对上述组织中蛋白激酶C(PKC)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)进行免疫组化染色,观察其活性,并采用多组独立样本的Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验方法,对结果进行统计学分析。结果膈肌、肋间肌和大脑组织细胞质中PKC免疫组化阳性染色,悬挂组较其它组增强(P0.05);膈肌、肋间肌、心肌、大脑和肝细胞质及肌组织神经束中AchE免疫组化阳性染色,悬挂组较其它组增强(P0.05);大脑、心、肺中HSP70免疫组化阳性染色,悬挂组较其它组增强(P0.05)。结论PKC、AChE、HSP70通过不同机制,在悬挂双上肢体位性窒息死亡中起到一定作用,本文结果可为相关研究及鉴定提供实验依据。     

Anion Identification via Complexation with meso‐octamethylcalix(4)pyrrole and Detection Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry*

Abstract: The routine identification of controlled substances and adulterants during forensic chemistry analysis often involves the identification of counter ions or salt forms present in an exhibit. Here, the use of the compound meso‐octamethylcalix(4)pyrrole (C4P) during salt‐form identification analysis is presented. C4P is a commercially‐available, anion‐binding agent that can be reacted with a controlled substance or adulterant, resulting in the sequestration of anionic species, usually present as counter ions to the active ingredient. Formation of noncovalent complexes between the cyclic host C4P compound and anionic guests is investigated using electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). Complexes with chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, and acetate are readily observed and mass spectrometry analysis provides identification via molecular weight characterization. Chloride and bromide complexes are also characterized by the isotopic distribution of their molecular ions. Formation of host–guest complexes is not observed for sulfate and phosphate salts, presumably due to steric hindrance and energetically unfavorable conditions.     

Zwei verschiedene Begriffe "Vermietung" (ein gemeinschaftsrechtlicher und ein zivilrechtlicher) im UStG 1994?

Ungeachtet des Umstandes, dass der Text des UStG 1994 insoweit gleich lautende Tatbestandsmerkmale verwendet, ist der Begriff "Vermietung" nur im § 6 Abs 1 Z 16 und im § 10 Abs 1 Z 4 UStG 1994 im gemeinschaftsrechtlichen Sinn auszulegen, nicht auch – sondern im zivilrechtlichen Sinn – im § 2 Abs 3 UStG 1994 (iZm K?rperschaften ?ffentlichen Rechts).     

The “process” of patenting: Why should we care about a potential U.S. Supreme Court decision in Bilski v. Doll?

In Bilski v. Doll, the U.S. Supreme Court is called to define one of the categories of patent-eligible subject matter, “process” patents. In 2008, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit held that the category has a narrow meaning, and that to be eligible for a process patent under 35 U.S.C. § 101, the invention must involve a machine or apparatus or involve a transformation to a different state or thing, ultimately rejecting the patent application as unpatentable subject matter. The patent applicants have asked the U.S. Supreme Court to determine two issues: first, the meaning of “process” in 35 U.S.C. § 101 and whether the lower court properly relied on a “machine-or-transformation” test, and second, the test's potential conflict with 35 U.S.C. § 273, which provides protection for “method[s] of doing or conducting business.” The Court's decision could change the way that research and business are done, and patent protection for such investments. Parts 1 and 2 of this article address Bilski directly and what is and is not in dispute. Part 3 addresses the “machine-or-transformation” test, while Parts 4 and 5 address reasons not to adopt such a test.     

The European Commission's Opinions under Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive

The contribution examines the Opinions which the European Commissionhas issued so far under Article 6(4) of Directive 92/43 (HabitatsDirective). It examines Member States' reasoning for justifyingthe application of Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive inthe light of the European Court of Justice rulings, and comesto the conclusion that probably not one of the cases submittedwould have been accepted by the Court.