Die proportionale Ministerienaufteilung in deutschen Koalitionsregierungen: Akzeptierte Norm oder das Ausnutzen strategischer Vorteile?

In this paper, we corroborate Gamson’s Law for a data set including German coalition governments on the federal and Länder level. We further tackle the question of how to explain this regularity. Here, we conclude that it is not the bargaining power of parties resulting from seat distribution that could be able to explain Gamson’s Law. In fact, we identify Gamson’s Law as a behavioural norm which evolved over time in Germany. We finally confirm the conjecture that on average smaller parties profit and larger parties suffer from deviations from Gamson’s Law. However, there is also a strong party bias which is able to invert this effect for single parties as e. g. the Greens or the Party of Democratic Socialism. Further variables such as the size of the party system or the number of parties which form a coalition government can also explain some deviations from the Gamson’s Law.     

羊口疮病毒B2L截短重组蛋白刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体的研究

为研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)新型亚单位疫苗,设计了ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白,命名为HBBH并经原核表达和鉴定.以不同剂量HBBH不加或加不同佐剂,经滴鼻或颈部皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,其中滴鼻共4组(HBBH 10 μg、20 μg、30μg和20 μg+LTB),注射组(HBBH 20 μg+20...     

论我国信用证欺诈法律救济制度的完善

当今世界信用证欺诈的频频发生 ,引起了人们关于对信用证欺诈的法律救济的关注。通过对我国信用证欺诈法律救济的现状及其所存在缺陷的分析 ,从制定专门的反信用证欺诈的法律 ,完善最高人民法院关于反信用证欺诈的指导性意见 ,完善我国关于信用证欺诈司法救济的实施措施和程序三个方面提出了对策。     

新城疫病毒ClassⅠ强毒株L基因的表达及单克隆抗体的制备

采用RT-PCR方法从新城疫病毒(NDV)ClassⅠ强毒株9a5b中扩增出了L基因C末端的基因片段,将其克隆到表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,测序验证后转化入表达宿主菌BL21进行IPTG诱导表达,表达的蛋白接种8周龄BALB/c小鼠,制备L蛋白的单克隆抗体,用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和Western-bolt方法共同检测所获得的抗体。结果显示,重组菌可表达出分子质量约为39ku的重组融合蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析显示,表达的蛋白以包涵体的形式存在于菌体中。多种方法筛选显示成功制备了4株单克隆抗体。免疫特异性鉴定结果表明,在所获得的单抗中,4株单抗均具有ELISA和IFA效价,且4株单抗与ClassⅠ毒株的反应均强于与ClassⅡ毒株的反应。     

茜草地上部分的化学成分研究

目的 研究茜草（Rubia cordifolia L.）地上部分化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等多种方法进行分离纯化;根据理化性质和谱学数据对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 分离得到10个单体化合物,分别鉴定为乙酰齐墩果酸（1）、2-羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌（2）、β-谷甾醇（3）、（-）-表丁香脂素（4）、反式对羟基肉桂酸（5）、对苯二甲酸二丁酯（6）、（-）-3,4-二香草基四氢呋喃（7）、东莨菪亭（8）、异落叶松脂素（9）、5,5′-二甲氧基-7-氧代落叶松脂醇（10）。结论 化合物1～10为首次从茜草地上部分中分离得到,化合物1～2、4～10为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

中药大蓟及其2种伪品的微性状鉴别

目的 鉴别市场上大蓟及其2种伪品。方法 通过微性状鉴定法对大蓟及其伪品进行观察研究。结果 蓟的茎、叶均被蛛丝毛及多细胞长节毛,苞片两面及边缘均被毛,花丝亦被毛,花药顶端呈长三角形,冠毛顶端呈纺锤形扩大或渐细;刺儿菜茎、叶仅被蛛丝毛,苞片内面无毛,花药顶端呈削尖状,冠毛顶端渐细;花叶滇苦菜茎、叶以及苞片均无毛,花丝光滑,花药顶端呈黑色,花冠被长毛,果实边缘具齿。结论 微性状鉴定法可准确、快速地鉴别大蓟及其伪品。     

论信用证诈骗犯罪构成和风险防范

本文阐述了信用证交易特点、信用证诈骗犯罪的基本构成的具体表现以及在实践中如何防范信用证诈骗带来的风险,尽可能减少由此带来的损失。     

记名提单若干法律问题研究

论述了提单包括记名提单不是“物权凭证”而是“权利凭证”,无论采用哪种法律解释,中国《海商法》下记名提单都应理解为凭单放货,同时对记名提单与海运单的异同作了分析。     

An evaluation of the quality of impact assessment in the European Union with lessons for the US and the EU

Governments throughout the world are requiring greater use of economic analysis as a way of informing policy decisions. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of impact assessment in the European Union, using US assessments as a benchmark. We find that recent EU impact assessments include more economic information than they did in the past, although important items are still missing. We also provide evidence that the quality of EU impact assessment increases with the expected cost of a proposal. Furthermore, we find that the quality of EU assessments that report high total costs is similar to that of US assessments.     

Tightened Immigration Policies and the Self‐Employment Dynamics of Mexican Immigrants

As the U.S. government has intensified its crackdown on illegal immigration in recent years, an important question to ask is how undocumented immigrants react to the stricter enforcement of immigration laws. This paper seeks to answer whether they increasingly choose self‐employment in an effort to avoid apprehension and subsequent deportation. To guard against endogeneity bias that might stem from increased enforcement in reaction to illegal immigration, the empirical analysis makes use of the September 11 terror attacks (9/11), which inadvertently triggered stricter immigration enforcement nationwide, as a natural experiment. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach and data from the Current Population Survey between 1996 and 2006, this paper examines the changes in the self‐employment choices of male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants (a proxy for undocumented immigrants) compared to less‐educated Whites (the control group). The findings indicate that male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants are substantially more likely (40 percent) to enter into self‐employment than less‐educated Whites after 9/11. The analysis further suggests that this finding is not driven by the 2001 recession that coincided with the terror attacks. The increased entries are mainly observed in the group that is most likely to be in the United States illegally and in those who face strong economic incentives. In addition, increased entries are not driven by increased unemployment among Mexican immigrants after the 9/11 event, but, rather, they reflect a change in the behavior of the unemployed Mexican immigrants, perhaps due to changes in perceived risks of detection and deportation.