区分实务情形探析无单放货的法律责任

无单放货现象在海运实践中大量存在,具体情形也纷繁复杂,常因行为人的不同、相对人的不同以及促成行为的主、客观条件的不同而构成不同性质的法律关系,承运人并就此承担不同的法律后果,具体包括法律免责、违约责任和侵权责任。     

《鹿特丹规则》对承运人“凭单放货”义务重大变革之反思——交易便利与交易安全的对弈

出于交易便利的考虑,实践中无单放货问题日渐凸显,危及了交易安全。为了解决此难题,《鹿特丹规则》对承运人凭单放货义务进行了重大变革。但相关制度设计并未实现便利交易的目标,同时削弱了交易的安全性。中国应在兼顾交易便利与安全的基础上对可转让提单坚持凭单放货,同时允许承运人在记名提单下有条件地无单放货,把大力发展电子单证作为解决无单放货难题的出路。中国对加入公约应持审慎态度。     

发扬理论联系实际的优良学风，把“三个代表”重要思想的学习引向深入

作为全省政法系统邓小平民主与法制思想理论研究的一项大型理论研究成果表奖活动,从1998年的"新华杯",到2003年的"盼盼杯",至今已经成功举办了六届.大赛活动的成功举办,对推动我省政法系统深入开展邓小平民主与法制思想理论研究,提高广大政法干警执法意识和执法水平,落实省委省政府依法治省方略,维护社会稳定起到了积极的促进作用,同时,总结六年来大在奖赛筹措过程中经验与不足,以期将"三个代表"重要思想的学习更好地引向深入,为政法系统的理论研究与实践服务.     

Tightened Immigration Policies and the Self‐Employment Dynamics of Mexican Immigrants

As the U.S. government has intensified its crackdown on illegal immigration in recent years, an important question to ask is how undocumented immigrants react to the stricter enforcement of immigration laws. This paper seeks to answer whether they increasingly choose self‐employment in an effort to avoid apprehension and subsequent deportation. To guard against endogeneity bias that might stem from increased enforcement in reaction to illegal immigration, the empirical analysis makes use of the September 11 terror attacks (9/11), which inadvertently triggered stricter immigration enforcement nationwide, as a natural experiment. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach and data from the Current Population Survey between 1996 and 2006, this paper examines the changes in the self‐employment choices of male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants (a proxy for undocumented immigrants) compared to less‐educated Whites (the control group). The findings indicate that male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants are substantially more likely (40 percent) to enter into self‐employment than less‐educated Whites after 9/11. The analysis further suggests that this finding is not driven by the 2001 recession that coincided with the terror attacks. The increased entries are mainly observed in the group that is most likely to be in the United States illegally and in those who face strong economic incentives. In addition, increased entries are not driven by increased unemployment among Mexican immigrants after the 9/11 event, but, rather, they reflect a change in the behavior of the unemployed Mexican immigrants, perhaps due to changes in perceived risks of detection and deportation.     

Effect of Sterilants on Amplification and Detection of Target DNA from Bacillus cereus Spores

To conceal criminal activity of a bioterrorist or agroterrorist, the site of pathogen generation is often treated with sterilants to kill the organisms and remove evidence. As dead organisms cannot be analyzed by culture, this study examined whether DNA from sterilant‐treated Bacillus cereus spores was viable for amplification. The spores were exposed to five common sterilants: bleach, Sterilox®, oxidizer foam (L‐Gel), a peroxyacid (Actril®), and formaldehyde vapor. The spores were inoculated on typical surfaces found in offices and laboratories to test for environmental effects. It was found that the surface influenced the efficiency of recovery of the organisms. The DNA isolated from the recovered spores was successfully detected using RT‐qPCR for all treatments except for formaldehyde, by amplifying the phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase genes. The results demonstrated that evidence from sites treated with sterilants can still provide information on the uncultured organism, using DNA amplification.     

茜草地上部分的化学成分研究

目的 研究茜草（Rubia cordifolia L.）地上部分化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等多种方法进行分离纯化;根据理化性质和谱学数据对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 分离得到10个单体化合物,分别鉴定为乙酰齐墩果酸（1）、2-羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌（2）、β-谷甾醇（3）、（-）-表丁香脂素（4）、反式对羟基肉桂酸（5）、对苯二甲酸二丁酯（6）、（-）-3,4-二香草基四氢呋喃（7）、东莨菪亭（8）、异落叶松脂素（9）、5,5′-二甲氧基-7-氧代落叶松脂醇（10）。结论 化合物1～10为首次从茜草地上部分中分离得到,化合物1～2、4～10为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

中药大蓟及其2种伪品的微性状鉴别

目的 鉴别市场上大蓟及其2种伪品。方法 通过微性状鉴定法对大蓟及其伪品进行观察研究。结果 蓟的茎、叶均被蛛丝毛及多细胞长节毛,苞片两面及边缘均被毛,花丝亦被毛,花药顶端呈长三角形,冠毛顶端呈纺锤形扩大或渐细;刺儿菜茎、叶仅被蛛丝毛,苞片内面无毛,花药顶端呈削尖状,冠毛顶端渐细;花叶滇苦菜茎、叶以及苞片均无毛,花丝光滑,花药顶端呈黑色,花冠被长毛,果实边缘具齿。结论 微性状鉴定法可准确、快速地鉴别大蓟及其伪品。     

黄蜀葵花总黄酮对大鼠湿热型慢性肾炎的作用及其对红细胞免疫黏附功能的影响

目的 观察黄蜀葵花总黄酮(total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (L) Medic,TFA)对湿热型慢性肾炎的作用及其对红细胞免疫黏附功能的影响.方法 采用葡萄球菌肠毒素B分次由尾静脉注射、牛血清清蛋白隔日灌胃及完全弗氏佐剂和不完全弗氏佐剂分次皮下注射复制大鼠慢性肾炎湿热证模型.8...