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281.
Hyeon Su Seo 《The Journal of Legislative Studies》2017,23(4):614-634
Despite the Open Government (Parliament) initiatives and notions of a ‘democratic parliament’, the relationship between legislatures and citizens remains seriously under-researched. This article introduces a comprehensive analytical framework, combining the normative principles of visibility, accessibility, and permeability with practical indicators (parliament as public space, sharing of information, contact with MPs, media and digital engagement, transparency of legislative process, and actual participation in legislative decision-making) for assessing the public engagement of parliaments. Applying this framework to the Finnish Eduskunta, the authors show that despite recent reforms that have partially ‘opened up’ parliamentary proceedings and attempted to connect citizens to democratic process, there remains scope for reforms and innovations. The Eduskunta should embrace a more positive approach towards new forms of civic participation, particularly regarding how its influential committees operate. The findings reflect the tensions between, or the difficulties in reconciling, traditional forms of representative democracy with alternative and more direct channels of political participation. 相似文献
282.
Natalia Letki 《Political Behavior》2006,28(4):305-325
In the last decade considerable research in social sciences has focused on interpersonal trust, treating it as a remedy for most maladies modern democracies suffer from. Yet, if others act dishonestly, trust is turned into gullibility, thus mechanisms linking interpersonal trust with institutional success refer implicitly to honesty and civic morality. This paper investigates the roots of civic morality. It applies hierarchical models to data from 38 countries, and tests the individual, community and structural explanatory factors. The results of the analysis point to the relevance of an institutional dimension, both in the form of individuals’ perceptions as well as the quality of governance: confidence in political institutions and their objective quality are the strongest predictors of civic morality. At the same time, the findings show that the recently popular claims about the importance of social capital for citizens’ moral standards are largely unfounded.
相似文献
Natalia LetkiEmail: |
283.
284.
The National Household Education Survey, a nationally representative data set (N=4,306 high school students and one parent of each), was analyzed to describe characteristics of adolescents, the nature of
their service activities, and academic, behavioral and civic outcomes associated with service (voluntary compared to school-required
and by type of service). Participation in any service is associated with positive outcomes whether service is voluntary or
required. Adolescents who worked directly with individuals in need had better academic adjustment; those who worked for organizations
had better civic outcomes than adolescents who performed other types of service. Findings are discussed in terms of their
significance for adolescent development, educational policy, and the use of large national data sets to examine service participation.
Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology at Northern Illinois University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology: Human
Development from the University of Chicago. Her research interests include motivation, resilience, and positive youth development.
Professor at Northern Illinois University. She received her Ph.D. in Educational Psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Her research interests include family, community, and out-of-school influences on child and adolescent educational adjustment.
Received her M.S. Ed. in Educational Psychology from Northern Illinois University, where she is currently pursuing her doctoral
degree. Her current research interests involve the role of adolescents' family, community and school contexts in fostering
their social, moral, and educational development. 相似文献
285.
Implications of Out-of-School Activities for School Engagement in African American Adolescents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aryn M. Dotterer Susan M. McHale Ann C. Crouter 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):391-401
The connection between out-of-school activities and school engagement was examined in 140, 6th through 9th grade African American
adolescents. Youth’s out-of-school activities were measured with a series of 7 nightly phone calls and focused on time in
structured (homework, academically-oriented, extracurricular/sports) and unstructured (watching television, hanging out with
peers) activities. School engagement was assessed during a home interview in terms of affective (school bonding), behavioral
(school grades), and cognitive (school self-esteem) dimensions. Regression analyses controlling for parents’ education and
youth grade in school showed that more time in extracurricular activities was associated with greater school self-esteem and
school bonding. In addition, more time spent on homework was associated with greater school bonding for boys. Conversely,
more time watching television was associated with lower school self-esteem and school bonding.
Aryn M. Dotterer is a postdoctoral scholar at the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute at the University of North
Carolina. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from The Pennsylvania State University. Her major
research interests include the development of and changes in school engagement and academic achievement among ethnic minority
and low income youth from childhood through adolescence with an emphasis on parenting and family-school linkages.
Susan M. McHale is a Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at The Pennsylvania State University. She received
her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her major research interests focus
on children’s and adolescents’ family roles, relationships and activities with a particular emphasis on gendered family dynamics
and youth’s sibling relationship experiences.
Ann C. Crouter is a Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at The Pennsylvania State University. She received her
Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from Cornell University. Her major research interests focus on the implications
of parents’ work situations for parents’ and children’s health, psychological development, and family relationships. 相似文献
286.
Cherri-ANN Beckles 《圆桌》2015,104(6):661-672
AbstractSince the turn of the 21st century, the region formerly known as the British West Indies has begun to embark slowly on the implementation of information rights legislation including freedom of information (FOI) legislation. The historical trajectory of the region has had a profound impact on its current position on the sharing of information between public entities and citizens. One of the challenges affecting the success of the implementation of FOI legislation is the state of recordkeeping in the territories, which has resulted in difficulties with providing access to official records and information over time. This article, from the perspective of an archivist/records manager, explores whether the historical past of the West Indies has some bearing on the slow enactment of FOI in the region and how proper recordkeeping could enhance the chances of success in implementation of FOI. It focuses on two main concepts, ‘open government’ and ‘citizen engagement’, underpinning FOI to assess whether the region has fully embraced these ideas and thus paved the way for implementation. It examines the Jamaican experience with FOI to determine whether this can be viewed as an effective model for other territories of the region to provide access to information for the betterment of West Indian society at large. 相似文献
287.
This article explores how fear contributes to empowerment and citizenship practices among youth who choose alternative lifestyles. Fear is conceived in a threefold manner: (1) as a manipulated resource in the political process, (2) as energy to be tamed through individual will, and (3) as radiating from actors and flowing through situations of action. Through an examination of how ‘risk-taking’ youths play with fear, the article critically reflects on the modern and advanced modern conceptualizations of the political ‘heroic’ actor and its articulation with an understanding of political action as decentered from human actors. Citizenship practices, it is argued, operate on five distinct levels of political engagement ranging from an awareness of the world outside of oneself to empathy for others and activism. Rather than being state-centered, the article develops an understanding of intersubjective citizenship based on affective memory. 相似文献
288.
Tania Haddad 《Democracy and Security》2015,11(2):145-159
This article analyzes the concept of volunteering in the Arab world. The main argument is that the nature of the Arab world in addition to the historical development of civil society directly affected the philosophy of volunteering in the region. Since civic services were not framed nor included in the national agendas of the state, this had a direct negative effect on the development of the act. However, due to social, economic, and political factors, this trend is changing: As of 2000, organizations and societies started to understand the importance of volunteering and its link to the social and economic revival of societies; Arab states started to encourage the act by providing the right legal and political environment. However, these different policies are not building democratic societies nor encouraging civic engagement. The article concludes with recommendations for how to bring people back into civic and political society as well as suggestions for future research. 相似文献
289.
Andrew Carr 《Journal of Australian Studies》2016,40(3):319-336
This paper examines the Australian federal government’s use of regional engagement to stop irregular migration. It shows that Australia’s policy elites have long debated whether regional cooperation is useful or necessary for stopping irregular migration. The debate among policy elites bears little relationship to the academic and ideological controversy over Australia’s “engagement” with Asia. Rather, this controversy is defined by pragmatism and operates akin to a pendulum, with an action–reaction cycle occurring where governments seek alternative approaches to what they perceive as the failures of their predecessors. This paper shows that the governments who have championed Asian engagement have been no more willing to seek a regional approach to irregular migration than those who seem to downplay engagement. Differing perspectives on regional cooperation is an important and largely under-examined aspect of Australia’s broader national debate about irregular migration. Given the significance of this issue to Australian politics, it also serves as an important case study in the wider context of Australia’s relationship with and attitudes towards the Asia-Pacific. 相似文献
290.
Kate O’Brien 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2016,22(8):777-797
This study assessed whether pre-treatment responsivity (psychopathy, motivation to attend treatment, denial and minimisation of offending behaviour, and feelings of guilt or shame) predicted violent recidivism and/or moderated the effectiveness of a violence intervention programme. Participants were 114 male violent offenders who were referred to a structured violent offender group treatment programme; 84 offenders commenced the programme. Results showed that treatment completion did not have a significant main effect on recidivism but that psychopathy scores moderated the effects of treatment. Offenders with high scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) who were rated as having good engagement with treatment, or who completed treatment, had similar violent recidivism rates compared to offenders with low PCL:SV scores. In contrast, offenders with high PCL:SV scores who dropped out of treatment or were poorly engaged had significantly higher rates of violent recidivism. These findings indicate that treatment effectiveness could be enhanced, and greater reductions in recidivism achieved, if programmes find ways to engage and maintain psychopathic offenders in treatment. 相似文献