国际法律援助组织第十届会议综述

本文主要分三个部分,简要概述了国际法律援助组织第十届会议的主要内容。第一部分为法律援助面临的全球性问题,主要表现为法律援助经费缩减及带来的一系列问题,并介绍了有关各国和地区法律援助工作现状的比较分析成果;第二部分强调了网络、电话等现代化技术对法律援助工作的影响。即一些国家是如何利用网络等技术,以积极应对法律援助经费紧张的局面的;第三部分介绍了澳大利、南非采取的有关保障法律援助质量的措施。     

Reconstruction and reparations: Lessons from China and the Pan-African world

Abstract

This article addresses the role of the university and institutions of higher learning in carrying out the mandate of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance (WCAR), held in Durban, South Africa in 2001. The active contribution of the university is anticipated in Article 98 of the Programme of Action published in the Report of the World Conference (2001), which clearly states:

We emphasize the importance and necessity of teaching about the facts and truth of the history of humankind from antiquity to the recent past, as well as of teaching about the facts and truth of the history, causes, nature and consequences of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, with a view to achieving a comprehensive and objective cognizance of the tragedies of the past.     

Antithesis – the reconstruction of the African Union for a viable and sustainable solution for the unity of Africans

ABSTRACT

Franz Fanon, the Algerian revolutionary of African descent, once declared: ‘Each generation must, out of relative obscurity, discover its mission, fulfil it or betray it.’ The challenge confronting African researchers on matters related to the Afro-Arab borderlands – regions spanning Tchad, Niger, Mali, Mauritania and the Sudan where the African and Arab worlds meet – centre on resolving, reversing and undoing historical denials and inaccuracies. This article critically reviews the falsification of history in this part of Africa, in the Sudan in particular, and the role of the Arab League, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, the Organisation of African Unity and its successor the African Union, in addressing the plight of its inhabitants. The article concludes with the recommendation of the creation of a new, culturally based Pan-African organisation able to fill a void and offer redress.     

USAID,Population Control,and NGO-Led Democratization in Egypt: The Fate of the ICPD Programme of Action

Critics of US democracy-promotion strategies of the last 20 years ask: what kind of democracy is promoted by US public agencies and associated nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), how is it promoted, and for what purpose(s)? This paper draws on interviews with NGO, USAID, and UN representatives, gathered in Egypt in 2001, to describe the fate of Egyptian women's advocacy NGOs seeking to implement the pro-democracy platform of action of the 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). It offers some support for critics' contentions both that external (here USAID) pro-democracy interventions may actually obstruct democratization, and that the instrumental nature of US democracy promotion may mean that such activities are quickly eliminated or downgraded when they conflict with more primary US policy goals.     

在新的历史起点上推动人民政协制度更加成熟定型

国家政治制度成熟定型必须具备系统完备、相对稳定、科学有效和广泛认同四个基本要件,人民政协制度更加成熟定型既要遵从上述要件,又要考虑政协性质特点,做到理论和政治上成熟,有鲜明的政治定性;职责和功能上成熟,有稳定的职能定位;制度机制成熟,有完备的工作定规。70年来人民政协制度化建设稳步推进,各项制度体系正在加速形成,新时代人民政协要更好地发挥在国家治理中专门协商机构作用,必须加快协商制度创新和完善,在新的历史起点上推动人民政协制度更加成熟定型。     

人民政协的若干理论问题研究

人民政协已经有几十年的历史,在我国革命和建设中都发挥着重要的作用,本文从人民政协的历史和发展谈起,分析其存在的宪政理论基础,归结为社会主义民主,论述了在我国宪政中独特的作用,进而分析人民政协在运行当中遇到的问题,主要阐述人民政协的性质、法制化、两院制引进以及有关人民政协的宪法惯例问题。     

遵义会议和十一届三中全会取得成功的几个重要因素

遵义会议和十一届三中全会,是中国共产党历史上具有重大历史转折意义的两次会议。这两次会议为什么会取得成功,本文从舆论和群众、思想和理论、民主和集中、领袖和领袖集团、策略和方法等重要因素进行了探讨。     

民族运动“新时期”关税特别会议的形势变化

近代中国御外的民族主义运动因五卅惨案的发生而进入新时期,其重心是实行废除不平等条约和反帝国主义。在执政府向各国正式提出修改不平等条约的情况下,执政府的提议、列强的默认与社会各界针对变更(废除或修改)不平等条约和关税会议的主张,展示着关税变动趋向是恢复中国关税自主权。     

协商民主视野下的人民政协制度建设

以协商民主理论为参照,分析中国人民政治协商制度框架中已有制度的特点和应有制度之建设,从中可获得若干启发:即协商民主所追求的价值理念与人民政协制度建设的理念相契合;协商民主所期望的实践成果在人民政协制度建设中有具体体现;协商民主所引发的广泛讨论为中国人民政治协商制度建设改革提供了民意基础。     

Arab Nationalism and British opposition in Dubai, 1920–66

The article examines the armistice talks between Israel and Jordan (March–April 1949) from the perspective of the UN mediator, Ralph Bunche, who coordinated them. The period described was stormy and complex: at its start, Israel took control of the southern Negev. Later, the two countries conducted formal talks in Rhodes, under Bunche's watchful eye, in parallel to informal negotiations, without UN involvement, in Jordan. The article, based to a large extent on Bunche's unpublished diary, explains why Bunche, who maintained rigorous control of all of the other armistice talks, behaved differently in this case, giving his post factum seal of approval to the Israeli takeover of the southern Negev and allowing Israel to pressure Abdullah to hand over the Triangle. The thesis is that Bunche, who could have put an end to the talks by resigning, or drawn the US into the crisis (as he did in the other rounds of negotiations), recognized the complexity of the relations between Israel and Abdullah and chose to act in a way that would prevent a new eruption of hostilities. In effect he was protecting Abdullah, who would have been likely to lose the West Bank to Israel in another round of fighting.