论贪利型职务犯罪“高原”的形成及削减

在市场经济条件下,某些追求物质享受的公务人员的生活目标与实现目标的手段之间产生了“社会紧张”,加之我国现行体制、机制存在的种种缺陷,导致贪利型职务犯罪的统计特征呈现出多种“高原”现象。削减贪利型职务犯罪“高原”,必须树立正确理念,采取符合我国国情的方略和对策。阻断犯罪发生机制的关键环节。     

试论网络犯罪的证据立法

网络的高速发展使得以网络为手段的网络犯罪四处泛滥,其手段也不断更新,危害也日益严重。与此同时,由于其犯罪主体智能化,犯罪手段隐蔽,特别是证据难以采集等,此类犯罪破案率低,立案率更低。为此,各国纷纷加强立法对策,并通过国际公约针对网络犯罪规定了新的证据规则以应对。我国并没有针对网络犯罪的专门证据立法,使得理论与实务界对电子证据无法统一认定,有必要借鉴外国及国际公约建立起我国的电子证据立法。     

特赦问题研究

赦免,一个古老而又常新的话题。盛世时赦少,乱世赦多也是历史所证明的。赦多则宽暴徒、伤良民,使国家法令废弛,更有鼓励犯罪之嫌。当今社会,赦免是许多国家弥补法律僵化的重要手段,然而赦免对于法治的违背使人们对赦免的合理性产生怀疑,而且赦免存在滥用政治目的的可能。目前,我国关于特赦的立法并不成熟;社会的后续接受能力也有限;老百姓对特赦所产生的危机感更是难以消除。因而在目前情况下不宜进行特赦。     

论刑事推定的适用——以非法持有国家绝密、机密物品罪为例

刑事推定体现了经验法则与逻辑理性、利益衡平与诉讼效率以及法律强制与自由裁量等价值和意义。推定的适用包括表见成立和反驳两个环节,分别有其条件和法律效果。同时,应正视推定存在一定的缺陷,对其应有所规制。我国《刑法》对非法持有国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品罪做了特别规定,即在认定该罪名时存在法律推定的适用问题,适用范围仅指对国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品来源和用途非法的推定。     

过度医疗的刑法规制研究

随公共卫生事业发展,过度医疗如悬崖转石般兴起.医疗机构及医务人员违背行医规范而实施过度医疗,不仅侵蚀国家正常的医疗卫生秩序,也不断加剧医患信任危机.国内法律对过度医疗行为的规制尚且停留在民法和行政法领域,刑事立法仍空白.医疗事故罪、非法行医罪、诈骗罪等现有相关罪名在规制过度医疗行为时暴露局限性,并不能合理规制过度医疗行...     

REASSESSING THE BREADTH OF THE PROTECTIVE BENEFIT OF IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE RISK BY RACE,ETHNICITY, AND LABOR MARKET STRATIFICATION*

Researchers in the United States have increasingly recognized that immigration reduces crime, but it remains unresolved whether this applies to people of different racial–ethnic and economic backgrounds. By using the 2008–2012 area‐identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we evaluate the effect of neighborhood immigrant concentration on individual violence risk across race/ethnicity and labor market stratification factors in areas with different histories of immigration. The results of our analysis reveal three key patterns. First, we find a consistent protective role of immigrant concentration that is not weakened by low education, low income, unemployment, or labor market competition. Therefore, even economically disadvantaged people enjoy the crime‐reduction benefit of immigration. Second, we find support for threshold models that predict a nonlinear, stronger protective role of immigrant concentration on violence at higher levels of immigrant concentration. The protective function of immigration also is higher in areas of longer histories of immigration. Third, compared with Blacks and Whites, Latinos receive a greater violence‐reduction benefit of immigrant concentration possibly because they live in closer proximity with immigrants and share common sociocultural features. Nevertheless, immigrant concentration yields a diminishing return in reducing Latino victimization as immigrants approach a near‐majority of neighborhood residents. The implications of these results are discussed.     

Voluntary policing in Sweden: media reports of contemporary forms of police–citizen partnerships

Many Western-style democracies have witnessed a general shift in the distribution of crime prevention responsibility, away from the state and increasingly to citizens themselves. Civil society is today more and more often called upon as an additional policing resource. This article explores the phenomenon of voluntary citizen participation in policing in Sweden, based on an analysis of 9280 news-media articles. One state-sanctioned (the Volunteers of the Police) and one autonomous civic (Missing People Sweden) initiative were examined, from their respective start until 2017, to understand the role played by police–citizen partnerships in the establishment and legitimation of voluntary policing forms in Sweden. A high degree of integration between police and volunteer work was found, enabling not only effective citizen participation, but also having an influence on police operations. The more effective and publicly visible the voluntary policing bodies were, the more pressure there was on the police to defend its legitimacy, ally itself with the volunteers and regulate the latter’s activities while holding them responsible for their actions. Arguably, however, with the police–citizen relationship being one of integration and mutual dependence, the division of labour and the accountability of both parties risk becoming blurred or even confused.     

Science and Technology and the President's Crime Commission

The U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice added a Task Force on Science and Technology as somewhat of an afterthought because there had then been very little interaction between science and technology and the criminal justice system (CJS). The task force focused on the CJS as a whole and interactions among its parts, with an important emphasis on analysis of the operating systems and on the important potential role of information systems as the technology advanced. The potential applications of contemporary information and electronic technologies is considerable, especially for assessing risk and needs of identified offenders and for providing relevant information wherever needed. There is urgent need for scientific evaluation of many of the positive and negative aspects of the operation of the CJS and of the potential for new technologies.     

徇私动机不是渎职犯罪的构成要件

徇私是否应当作为相应渎职犯罪的构成要件问题,一直以来为刑法学界所争论不休。但是,犯罪动机不能作为构成要件的理论通说是合理的,立法之中虽然对渎职犯罪规定了徇私的内容,但并不能改变徇私不能影响定罪的事实,从这一点出发,徇私仍然不能成为渎职犯罪的构成要件之一。