沉默权与中国的刑事诉讼法

从沉默权与如实回答,沉默权与坦白从宽、抗拒从严关系之辨析,探讨我国是否应当确立沉默权制度的理由及在现行法下的努力方向.     

论刑事被害人国家补偿制度的基本理论和主体

近年来,我国犯罪数量逐年递增,受司法能力和犯罪分子个人经济状况制约,每年有相当规模的刑事被害人难以从犯罪分子手中取得基本的赔偿。通过对从国外引入一系舛相关学说的批判,并结合社会契约理论,提出了有限国家责任说。刑事被害人国家补偿的理论体系应以有限国家责任说和社会保险说为主要理论构件。以社会福利说为辅。并对刑事被害人国家补偿作了内部区分。通过对刑事被害人国家补偿的补偿主体进行探讨,进而提出了补偿慷慨原则。     

论“宽严相济”刑事政策的司法实现

宽严相济刑事政策是一个社会经济发展、文明进步的重要标志,适用这一刑事政策是刑罚轻缓化在司法实践中的具体体现。文章从司法机关适用刑事政策的原则和标准进行阐释,探讨宽严相济刑事政策适用的环节、方式以及实现的效果,以达确立科学的刑罚观念,推进我国刑罚适用以最小的刑罚成本达到最大的社会效果之目的。     

侦查刑嫌调控的基本原理及工作模式

刑嫌调控对象的确定依据是刑嫌人员的人身危险性,刑嫌调控的破案机理是犯罪前及犯罪后的痕迹物证,刑嫌调控的破案模式是从人到案模式,刑嫌调控的基本方法是调查和控制。当前刑嫌调控面临着专业警力不足、动态不清、体制不顺等诸多困境。侦查刑嫌调控应当建立网络化、动态化、规范化和信息化的工作模式。     

《刑法修正案(十一)》中竞合条款的理解与适用

随着刑事立法的日趋活跃,采“分则立法模式”的竞合条款日益呈现“立法肥大症”,可考虑将竞合条款(尤其是想象竞合从一重处断条款)进行总则化改造。就新增竞合条款的理解与适用而言,作为想象竞合表征的从一重处断条款,其适用关键是“一行为”与“数法益”的判断;新修正的我国《刑法》第229条第2款,标志着立法者对牵连犯现象的进一步肯认,其适用以客观上存在牵连关系、主观上具备牵连意图为限;新增的数罪并罚条款(第280条之二第3款),则存在修正程序与实体内容两方面的瑕疵,应将其视为想象竞合数罪并罚的“拟制规定”加以适用。     

新自由主义对美英国家刑事法制的影响及反思

从一国或地区的政治经济体制来理解其刑事法制,可以以相对宏观的视角把握其刑事法制脉络。美国刑事法制自20世纪70年代以来发生了深刻变化,从刑事法制基本观念到具体实践都渗透强烈的报应主义色彩,而隐藏其后则是新自由主义思潮。美国刑事法制的转变也影响着英国等国家。对这一思潮进行研究,一方面可以对这些国家刑事法制过去半个世纪发展脉络进行整体把握,另一方面也为分析研究这些国家刑事法制提供了一个更具批判性的视角。     

涉案财物处置的行刑衔接

行政执法和刑事司法程序在涉案财物认定、程序性和实体性处置规则等方面存在一定区别,在行刑衔接过程中,对涉案财物的处理一般应遵循刑事优先原则。对于行政机关移送的案件,公安司法机关应根据行政机关处置涉案财物的进展分别处理。为进一步完善有关程序,应明确供违法犯罪所用之物的认定标准、统一涉案财物的实体处置措施,并填补对违法所得产生的孳息予以行政没收的漏洞。     

Transitional Justice in Peacebuilding: Dynamics of Contestation in the DRC

ABSTRACT

This article examines the place of transitional justice in peacebuilding by exploring how domestic and international actors frame this relationship and how this, in turn, moulds dynamics of contestation around transitional justice. In the transitional justice literature, contestation is usually framed around an international–domestic dichotomy: transitional justice agendas promoted by external actors confront strategies of instrumental adaptation of transitional justice by domestic elites and the adoption of alternative transitional justice approaches by local actors. Based on an analysis of transitional justice policy-making in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), this paper proposes that a more multifaceted reading of contestation to transitional justice is needed. In the DRC, both external and domestic actors variously acted as transitional justice promoters and resisters, and their positioning on transitional justice was strongly conditioned by their broader understandings of the nature of the conflict and transitional justice’s role in peacebuilding. It is therefore suggested that contestation of transitional justice does not necessarily reflect a rejection of international approaches to justice, but instead more broadly expresses a lack of agreement on what transitional justice is and what its goals are. The article thus contributes to a broader interrogation of how discourses about the meaning of transitional justice are constructed in practice.     

Norm dynamics and international organisations: South Africa in the African Union and International Criminal Court

Over the past two decades, South Africa has sought to perform several roles on the world stage, such as the economic dynamo of Southern Africa, a diplomatic heavyweight representing the African continent, and a norm leader on the world stage as a so-called ‘middle-power’. Although South Africa's evolution and rise as an important player in global affairs has generated a welcome body of critical scholarly literature, comparatively little analysis has been allocated to understanding how norm dynamics and the country's ever-evolving international identities have enabled it to construct and reconstruct its ‘interests’. Social constructivism is best suited for such an analysis because it can operationalise norms, commitments, identities, and interests, and it provides the epistemological tools to map the increasingly multilateral connections between global, regional, and domestic forums. By employing a rationalist approach to constructivism, this paper remedies the aforementioned gap in the literature by illustrating how South Africa constructs and reconstructs its identities and interests in relation to membership in international organisations (IOs). To that end, the paper examines the evolution of South Africa's participation in the African Union (especially ‘peacekeeping’ contributions) and the International Criminal Court. The paper concludes by assessing the theoretical implications and practical ramifications of the norm dynamics involved in South Africa's commitment to these two IOs.     

论打防"两抢"犯罪中的队所协作机制

打防"两抢"犯罪的三个难点以及队所的职责分工,决定了队所之间必须加强协作.公安机关在队所协作机制建设方面已经取得了部分成功经验,但是也还面临着一些问题.公安机关要以打防"两抢"犯罪为契机,以有效遏制"两抢"犯罪发案势头和减少"两抢"犯罪为目标,逐步完善队所协作机制.