论禁毒情报调研的特点及方式

禁毒情报工作具有对象特定、内容复杂、范围广泛、任务长期等特点,所获情报具有本质性、宏观性、专题性和预测性等特点;一般来说,禁毒情报调研的方式主要有典型调查法、普遍调查法和抽样调查法等     

Oral fluid drug tests: Effects of adulterants and foodstuffs

An on-site oral fluid drug screen, Oratect^®, was used to investigate the effects of adulterants and foodstuffs on oral fluid test results. Common foods, beverages, food ingredients, cosmetics and hygienic products were demonstrated not to cause false positive results when tested 30 min after their consumption. Evaluations of two commercial oral fluid adulterants, “Clear Choice^® Fizzy Flush™” and “Test’in™ Spit n Kleen Mouthwash” suggest their mechanism of action is the clearing of residual drugs of abuse compounds through rinsing of the oral cavity. They do not directly destroy the drug compounds or change the pH of the oral fluid. It is also suggested that a common mouthwash would perform similar action.     

关于云南禁毒对策的思考

云南省特殊的地缘环境 ,决定了其成为中国禁毒斗争的最前沿和主战场。云南禁毒工作成效的好与坏 ,将直接关系到全省乃至全国的社会稳定、经济发展、民族团结 ,周边国家的睦邻友好及国民的生命健康 ;关系到中国禁绝毒品总目标的实现。面对严峻的毒品形势 ,要在禁毒方针的指导下 ,切实树立“大禁毒”观 ,充分动员和发挥全社会的整体力量 ,打一场现代禁毒的人民战争 ,直至彻底根除毒品     

论创建“无毒社区”是禁毒的有效途径

临沧地区由于其特殊的地理环境 ,首当其冲成为全省乃至全国禁毒斗争的重要前沿阵地。针对临沧地区周边境内外毒情 ,提出创建“无毒社区”是禁毒斗争行之有效的途径。具体措施 :1、层层落实禁毒工作责任制 ;2、制定方案 ,广泛宣传 ;3、调查研究 ,掌握情况 ;4、抓住重点 ,全面进行 ;5、狠抓帮教 ,降低复吸 ;6、采取有力措施 ,禁绝毒源     

毒品案件侦查模拟实战教学研究

我们在《毒品案件侦查模拟、实战教学》的课题研究中 ,对学校实施的模拟教学、实战教学、案例教学、讨论、讲座等多种方式进行了跟踪调查 ,分别对毒品案件侦查中的“公开查辑、控制下交付、徒步跟踪、搜查、辨认”等实践性极强的内容作了深入研究和新的尝试。在我们的课题研究中 ,解决了一些问题 ,也发现了不少新问题。     

Pholcodine interference in the immunoassay for opiates in urine

The excretion in urine after single oral therapeutic doses of morphine derivatives was analysed with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) for opiates. In contrast to the rapid excretion of ethylmorphine and codeine, pholcodine showed positive results for opiates 2-6 weeks after intake when the urines were analysed with the RIA-method. When analysed with the EMIT-method, positive results were obtained for pholcodine for approximately 10 days. As pholcodine is a common component in cough mixtures, its prolonged excretion could represent a hazard in interpreting the results from drug analyses of urines.     

Parental and Peer Influences on Adolescent Drug Use in Korea

The analysis and findings reported here are from a self-report questionnaire survey of a sample of 1,035 high school students in Pusan, a metropolitan area of South Korea. Multiple regression and path analyses reveal that, for all types of drug behavior among these adolescents, the influence of parental variables was generally less than the influence of the peer variables. Even in South Korean society, where the stability and authority of the family is greater than in American society, peers have a greater influence than do parents on adolescents’ engaging in or refraining from deviant behavior. The findings conform more to the expectations of social learning theory than to those of social bonding theory, and generally replicate findings from research on adolescent drug use in the United States. Further research is clearly needed, but the findings here suggest that the social processes of substance use among adolescents and the theoretical explanations focusing on those processes are not confined to western societies.

Understanding the Structure of a Large Heroin Distribution Network: A Quantitative Analysis of Qualitative Data

An analysis is reported of 2,408 wiretap conversations gathered in the course of prosecuting a heroin dealing organization in New York City in the 1990s. The five-step analysis, which included a social network analysis of phone contacts, revealed a large, loosely structured group of 294 individuals, most of whom had very limited contacts with others in the group. The group’s active core comprised 38 individuals with extended contacts, little status differentiation and some task specialization. A smaller more tightly connected group of 22 individuals was somewhat independent of the remainder of the core and appeared to constitute a “communal business”. The existence was not confirmed of the large criminal conspiracy described by the prosecution that operated at all levels of trafficking and dealing, from wholesale distribution to street sales. Rather, it appeared that the 294 individuals comprised one segment of the heroin market in the city. However, the discrepancy could be due to the fact that the prosecution drew upon a wider set of information about the individuals concerned than provided by the wiretap data. The study supports recent analyses that see organized crimes, such as drug trafficking, as mostly the work of small groups of loosely linked entrepreneurs rather than large, highly structured criminal syndicates.

日本的毒品现状及相关对策

药物滥用是伴随着日本的社会环境的改变而发展变化的,近年来这种变化更为急速而多样.1997年日本迎来了药物滥用的最高峰,称为第三次滥用高峰期.对此,日本政府在1998年制定了"滥用防止五年战略"并加以推进,1998年至2002年五年间收到了一定的成效,但还未达到明显减少的程度.因此,又在2003年制定了"防止药物滥用新五年战略".相关的禁毒组织也采取了一定的对策.     

Impurities,adulterants and cutting agents in cocaine as potential candidates for retrospective mining of GC-MS data

Cocaine is one of the most widely used illicit drugs worldwide. Cocaine powders seized by the Police may contain numerous other substances besides the drug itself. These can be impurities originating from the coca plant or the production process, or be purposely added to the drug formulation as adulterants and cutting agents. In forensic laboratories, identification of cocaine is routinely done through GC-MS analysis, but other components are often ignored even if the method allows for their detection. Yet, they can provide valuable insight into the history of a seizure and its potential connection to other samples. To explore this idea, an extensive review of common impurities and adulterants encountered in cocaine is presented. Based on their incidence, concentration in the end product and compatibility with GC-MS methods, their overall usefulness as candidates for the statistical investigation of existing forensic data is evaluated. The impurities cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, norcocaine and N-benzoylnormethylecgonine as well as the adulterants lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, ibuprofen, levamisole, hydroxyzine and diltiazem are promising candidates to provide additional forensic intelligence. Future research on optimized routine GC-MS methods, signal reproducibility, comparison, statistics and databases is suggested to facilitate this concept. Ultimately, such an approach may significantly advance the amount of information that is extracted from routine casework data, elucidate developments in the cocaine markets in the past and facilitate Police work in the future. Preliminary assessment of existing data from the forensic laboratory of the Amsterdam Police has been included to show that the detection of the identified target impurities is feasible, and that small adjustments to the analysis method could significantly increase the detectability of these analytes in prospective drug screenings. Forensic intelligence based on retrospective data mining of cocaine containing casework samples may thus be realized with minimal additional laboratory efforts by using already available instrumentation, samples and data.