试析当前贩毒活动反侦查手段的发展变化

随着禁毒斗争的深入开展,贩毒活动与侦查活动的对抗性日趋激烈,毒品犯罪活动中反侦查手段的运用也越来越广泛。措施:1、注意侦查谋略的运用;2、努力提高自身业务素质;3、及时掌握贩毒活动的最新发展;4、强化技术侦查手段的运用;5、做好禁毒情报工作     

中南亚地区建立多边引渡合作制度可行性分析——以恐怖主义犯罪、毒品犯罪、洗钱犯罪多边引渡合作为例

在全球化背景下，恐怖主义犯罪、毒品犯罪和洗钱犯罪等跨国犯罪已经严重地威胁着国际社会的安全．国家间的引渡合作仍然是打击跨国犯罪的有效途径。尤其是具有地缘政治经济利益的区域国家间开展区域多边引渡合作是打击本地区严重跨国犯罪的必经之路。中南亚国家出于地区利益的需要．进行多边引渡合作打击严重危害本地区的恐怖主义犯罪、毒品犯罪和洗钱犯罪符合国际刑事司法合作的趋势．具备相应的法律实体要件和程序要件。     

Drug intelligence based on MDMA tablets data: 2. Physical characteristics profiling

One of the tasks of the European project entitled “Collaborative Harmonisation of Methods for Profiling of Amphetamine Type Stimulants” (CHAMP) funded by the sixth framework programme of the European Commission was to develop a harmonised methodology for MDMA profiling and the creation of a common database in a drug intelligence perspective. Part I was dedicated to the analysis of organic impurities formed during synthesis in order to investigate traffic tendencies and highlight potential links between samples, whereas this part focuses on physical characteristics of the MDMA tablets. Diameter, thickness, weight and score were demonstrated to be reliable and relevant features in this drug intelligence perspective. Distributions of samples coming from the same post-tabletting batch (post-TB) and samples coming from different post-TB were very well discriminated by using the squared Euclidean or the Manhattan distance on standardised data. Our findings demonstrated the possibility to discriminate between MDMA samples issued from different post-TB and to find out links between samples coming from a same post-TB. Furthermore, the hypothesis that most of the MDMA samples found on the international market come from the same countries was supported.     

浅论毒品犯罪所侵害的法益

毒品犯罪法益研究对毒品犯罪的罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的认定以及其他诸多问题的解决具有很大的意义。现有的关于毒品犯罪法益的诸多论述是错误的,会让我们在司法实践中产生混乱,也没有办法在理论上自圆其说。文章认为,毒品犯罪的法益是社会有机体的公共健康,我们的司法解释和司法实践应当在这样一个基本的认识之上进行。同时,毒品犯罪的法益又是随时间和空间而变化的,不能进行僵化的理解。     

Improving the quality of drug court clinical screening: a call for performance measurement policy reform

Despite the widespread use of the drug court model, standardized performance measures for drug courts are not uniformly utilized, and rarely include process measures. To ensure that drug courts are being implemented in the most effective manner, the use of performance measurement tools should be considered for wide scale adoption. Drug court effectiveness is moderated by participant characteristics, and is most effective for individuals with the highest substance use needs. Therefore, having quality clinical screening processes is crucial to ensuring that drug courts are serving the population for which they are effective. This paper examines clinical screening in drug courts, to answer the following 1) what is the current state of screening, 2) what works, and 3) why measurement matters. It also proposes a clinical screening performance measure to improve fidelity and ensure appropriate participant enrollment. The creation of a performance measure would create opportunities to improve drug court outcomes, and leverage pay-for-performance models.     

Human olfactory detection of packaged cannabis

Olfactory detection of cannabis aroma by police officers can be the basis for warrantless searches of motor vehicles in many jurisdictions in the United States. The odor source in these cases is often dried cannabis flower contained in various casual wrappings as well as in more elaborate packaging. Here we investigate whether packaging format alters the detectability of the cannabis. Two cannabis strains and five packaging formats were evaluated. Untrained observers were presented with two containers and asked to identify, based only on smell, the container that held a sample of packaged cannabis (the other container held identical, but empty, packaging material). The results showed that open and casually packaged cannabis was identified with high accuracy, while material packaged in doubly vacuum-sealed plastic was correctly identified at rates no different from chance. The results may help address issues involving the detectability of cannabis aroma in law enforcement and other scenarios.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

吸毒及其相关概念论要

目前全世界有 2亿多人在吸毒 ,截止 2 0 0 1年底 ,中国登记在册吸毒人已达 90 1万人。吸毒以其突出的社会危害性受到当今世界各国及国际社会的共同关注 ,治理吸毒问题是我国禁毒工作的首要任务之一。然而 ,我国对“禁吸”的基础理论研究相对薄弱。本文对吸毒及其相关概念进行初步研究 ,旨在为治理吸毒问题构建必要的理论基础提供参考。     

BREAKING THE CYCLE OF DRUGS AND CRIME: FINDINGS FROM THE BIRMINGHAM BTC DEMONSTRATION

Research Summary: We compared 137 felony defendants arrested before the implementation of Breaking the Cycle, a pretrial intervention with felony defendants that included drug testing, supervision, and drug treatment as needed, to 245 BTC participants. We found Significant lower rates of arrest and self-reported drug use and crime among BTC participants during the next year.
Policy Implications: Systematic intervention aimed at all drug-involved felony defendants, not just selected defendants, is effective, but may encounter substantial challenges in achieving collaboration across criminal justice agencies, services providers, and levels/branches of government.     

台湾地区毒品戒治与再犯之研究（节选）

反毒、禁毒的刑事政策归纳其中不外“断绝供给、减少需求”也就是“缉毒、戒毒、拒毒”等三大重点。目前 ,台湾地区参与戒毒工作的有医疗、宗教、矫正机关及观护等四大体系。《毒品危害防制条例》于 1998年 5月 2 2日公告施行以来 ,“缉毒”与“拒毒”已有成效 ,使得药物、毒品滥用之情形获得控制 ,毒品犯占整体犯罪人口之比例减缓增长 ,但“戒毒”却无进展。可见戒治与计划之成效有待加以检讨 ,以达到对毒品及药物成瘾者累犯、再犯严重情形之有效控制。