台湾地区毒品戒治与再犯之研究（节选）

反毒、禁毒的刑事政策归纳其中不外“断绝供给、减少需求”也就是“缉毒、戒毒、拒毒”等三大重点。目前 ,台湾地区参与戒毒工作的有医疗、宗教、矫正机关及观护等四大体系。《毒品危害防制条例》于 1998年 5月 2 2日公告施行以来 ,“缉毒”与“拒毒”已有成效 ,使得药物、毒品滥用之情形获得控制 ,毒品犯占整体犯罪人口之比例减缓增长 ,但“戒毒”却无进展。可见戒治与计划之成效有待加以检讨 ,以达到对毒品及药物成瘾者累犯、再犯严重情形之有效控制。     

河南省毒品犯罪的态势及对策

河南省毒品犯罪受国际毒潮的侵袭和国内毒品犯罪的影响,呈现出新的发展态势,主要表现在:毒品犯罪案件持续上升;吸毒人员继续增多,毒品消费市场进一步扩大;毒品犯罪职业化、团体化、网络化、武装化日趋明显;省内外贩毒分子相互勾结犯罪增多,境外毒品向我省渗透加剧等。必须采取相应的对策予以解决。     

构建“禁毒系统工程”体系的思考

禁毒系统工程指从系统思想出发,将禁毒工作视为由相互联系因素所构成的有机整体,运用系统工程的方法进行各项禁毒措施的制定、实施和监督、反馈,并通过国家或各种社会力量来保障实现总体目标的管理方法。其子系统包括禁毒决策系统、禁毒实施系统、禁毒监控系统、禁毒反馈系统四部分。禁毒系统工程体系要有效运作,就要有计划地协调各子系统开展禁毒工作,子系统与禁毒相关工作的管理与控制、设计与开展都必须服从于禁毒系统工程的需求。     

色质联用技术在毒品检验中的应用

毒品检验是打击毒品违法犯罪的一种重要手段,特别是色质联用技术在毒品检验中的广泛使用,拓展了禁毒工作内涵。其优势:1.测定毒品中的各种成分和含量;2.推断藏匿毒品的重量;3.检验毛发中的毒品等。     

Temperance Culture and the Repression of Scientific Inquiry Into Illegal Drug‐Altered States of Consciousness

American scientific inquiry into the understandings of drug‐altered states of consciousness is underdeveloped primarily because government regulations embedded within a temperance culture has repressed it. Despite preliminary evidence of the therapeutic value of altered states of consciousness associated with the use of illegal drugs to both physical and mental health, science has been able to do little to understand this potential. Within this essay, we examine the influence of this temperance culture on government regulations and its impingement on scientific practice in the study of illegal drug‐altered states of consciousness as the explanation for much of the failure of science to adequately explore these lines of inquiry. Much of our analysis is based upon examples from research in the area of alcohol studies, as the temperance movement arose primarily in response to this particular drug.     

Changing Control of the Open Drug Scenes in Oslo— Crime,Welfare, Immigration Control,or a Combination?

Over the last few years there has been a societal move away from a perception of drug users as criminals to a perception of the users as sick. Contrary to what one may expect from such a change, reported drug crimes against the penal code are at record-high levels. It is the contradictory inherent in these tendencies that will be emphasized and highlighted in this article. The open drug scenes in Oslo and the police control of the scenes have changed. During the last few years there has been a growing element of foreign citizens in the drug scenes, and the police control has focused on the foreigners. Could part of the explanation of the contradictions be that there is a differentiation of how the different users are handled? Are there different forms of social control employed toward Norwegian and foreign actors in the open drug scenes? This article puts forward arguments that this is actually the case, driven by a consistent association of foreign actors in the drug scene with organized crime, and a stricter Norwegian legislation and approach to immigration questions, with a tendency toward a conflation of immigration and criminal law.     

Effects of cocaine and heroin,and their combination,on the development rate of Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Insects present on or near decomposing bodies are collected by forensic entomologists and used to estimate the post-mortem interval. Drugs metabolized by a person before death may affect the rate of development of insects feeding on the corpse. This study aimed to determine the effects of cocaine and heroin main metabolites on the development rate of the Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and their implications on minimum post-mortem interval determination. Groups of 250 eggs each were placed into four separate pots of 150 g of minced pork meat being either un-spiked, or spiked with benzoylecgonine, morphine, or a combination of both. Larval length (mm) and weight (mg) measurements were taken twice daily and the rate of development of the insects’ life cycle was monitored until eclosion. Results show that cocaine-fed larvae developed less in length and weight than the control group. Heroin-fed larvae showed a more fluctuating pattern, being smaller and lighter than the control group for most of their larval cycle, but overtaking them in both parameters towards pupation. Combination-fed larvae seemed to favour the effects of cocaine. The three conditions also had a significant impact on the length of the insects’ life cycle. Cocaine and drug combination treatments increased the length of the second and third instar stages, but led to the shortening of pupation and accelerated eclosion. Conversely, heroin treatment led to lengthier pupation. Interestingly, the effects of the drug combination seemed to mirror more precisely those of cocaine.These findings indicate that both cocaine and heroin, singularly and in combination, have sizable effects on blowflies’ development rates, potentially biasing post-mortem interval estimations.     

美国药品责任诉讼中药品缺陷的证明

在美国产品严格责任制度中,药品具有缺陷是药品侵权责任成立的前提条件。在涉及药品责任的诉讼中,对药品缺陷的证明是决定诉讼胜败的关键。美国第三次侵权法重述把药品缺陷分为设计缺陷、制造缺陷、使用说明或警示缺陷。其各自不同的判断标准,既能帮助原告理解抽象的缺陷概念,也为原告通过具体的证据去证明缺陷指明了方向。探讨美国药品缺陷判断与证明的法律理论以及判例经验,以期能对我国相关法律的建设与司法实践提供一些有益的参考。     

国际禁毒公约对我国禁毒刑事政策的启示

二十一世纪,毒品已成为一个国际性问题,对于全球政治、经济、文化构成了严重的威胁,我国毒品滥用及毒品犯罪的形势也日趋严峻。因此,有必要借鉴国际禁毒公约的理念和方法,结合我国具体国情,进一步完善我国禁毒刑事政策,以便更有效地遏制毒品滥用和毒品犯罪。     

毒品犯罪特别再犯条款研究

刑法第356条设置了针对毒品再犯从重处罚的规定,但该条款却一直为刑法理论界所诟病,在司法适用中也存在诸多问题,不仅表现在对其性质问题、适用问题的争议较大,而且还存在难以实现重点打击、难以走出法律适用困境的立法缺陷。对此,应从排除对轻罪再犯从重处罚、排除数罪并罚条款适用和排除一般累犯条款适用等三个方面,实现对毒品犯罪特别再犯条款的立法完善。