权利与原则:撩开说话的法律面纱

说话权利的保护程度表征着一个国家的民主、开放和宽容.综观人类在说话方面的权利及其法律原则,我们可以将其归结为:可以说话的权利与事先限制之禁止原则;说真话的权利与真实抗辩原则;说真实谎言的权利与真正的恶意原则;说意见性言论的权利与合理评论原则;不说话的权利与精神自由原则;要求说话的权利与媒体接近原则;用行为说话的权利与背景限制原则.     

未生效合同的保护

未生效合同是指已经有效成立但尚未生效的合同,此概念源自于合同的成立与生效之区别。生效与否跟有效与否的判断不同,未生效不等于无效,生效与否的判断是时间的函数,可以将这种判断称为过程判断。本文将未生效合同分成三类:法律、行政法规规定经批准、登记等手续才生效的合同;附延缓条件、附始期的合同;当事人约定其他生效要件的合同。三类未生效合同各有其特征,民法应当基于合理性的考虑,对各类未生效合同的保护作出妥适的规定。     

债权的公法保护

实现公平的竞争是市场经济体制的本质要求,债权的实现意味着市场信用的实现。保护债权以及债权的实现,就是保护交易安全、保护市场的信用基础、保护市场作用的积极发挥,它是市场经济的基本要求。通过公法保护债权是公法的当然责任和重要任务,这在理论上和实践中都是可行的。通过公法的制度和调整方法,对债权进行有效的保护,是指在维护和尊重私法秩序和私法手段的同时,利用公法独特的调整机制,对债权进行更大范围的保护,也就是通过公法制度的建设和完善,给债权的实现提供一个较为宽松的法律环境和制度环境。     

证人出庭作证问题研究

证人出庭作证是保证司法公正的基本措施。针对我国司法实践中普通存在的证人拒绝出庭作证的现象 ,有必要从转变司法观念 ,建立强制证人出庭作证制度 ,完善证人保护制度 ,贯彻直接言词原则 ,建立证人特权制度等方面 ,有效解决证人出庭作证的问题。     

论思想自由权的宪政保护

思想自由权在我国宪法中未被规定为公民的基本权利 ,这与国际公约和各国立宪潮流不符 ,事实上 ,思想自由权载入我国宪法完全具有必要性和可行性。我们应当以思想自由权入宪构想为契机 ,顺应“中国走向宪政之路”的美好愿望 ,建立起中国的思想自由权宪政保护体系     

责任竞合与诉讼标的理论

所谓请求权竞合 ,系因同一生活利益同时为不同法律关系的客体所涵摄 ,从而引起的数个具有不同客体、不同规范目的的责任关系的竞合。作为民事权利体系之枢纽的请求权概念 ,一方面对其所包含的“给付”究指法律关系内容意义上的给付抑或客体意义上的给付不加区辨 ;另一方面 ,以权利人指向国家的“司法保护要求权”作为请求权的本质属性 ,对实体法学、诉讼法学均产生错误影响。由其目标功能所决定 ,诉讼标的在结构上须同时包含“责任关系”与“接受权内容之主张”两重要素。在责任竞合情况下 ,可以利用“诉之利益”达成纷争解决一次性的目标。     

论证人保护制度

司法实践中，证人出庭率低，拒证问题普遍存在，其根本原因是我国现行立法对证人及其亲属的人身安全和经济利益保护乏力，证人权利与义务严重失衡。制订完善的证人保护制度是保证证人出庭的前提，是完善我国诉讼制度的内容之一，也是实现公正高效审判目的的需要。在借鉴别国成熟经验的基础上，应该根据我国的国情尽快制订专门的证人保护法或将证人保护制度以专门章节列出，对证人的权利义务、保护范围、保护措施、保护措施的启动条件及运作程序、保护机关等问题都应明确。     

The Legal Protection for China's Flexible Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a chain of socioeconomic effects worldwide. China’s social and economic operations and labor market have also been suffered because of this global crisis. During hard times, flexible employment becomes an important means for stabilizing employment. However, the pandemic also exposed the problems ensuing from insufficient legal protection for flexible workers. First, there are some gaps and defects in the labor and social security laws in terms of their scope and applicability to flexible workers. Second, there were limitations in the support and protection policies for flexible workers at the early stages of the pandemic. Although the government implemented measures soon after the outbreak of COVID-19, their role is still constrained by the legal lacunae in protecting flexible workers. As flexible employment will continue to play a significant role in China’s labor market, the State Council issued a far-reaching official document in July 28, 2020 to support it. This document indicates the directions for providing better legal protection for flexible workers, which contains expanding the legal scope and enriching the legal protection. Based on the realities and latest policies, the legal protection for flexible workers should be systemically improved in the future.     

论毛泽东思想中蕴含的生态文明建设思想

新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,我国的工业得到了迅猛的发展,并取得了极大的历史成就,然而,伴随而来的环境破坏不得不给人民敲响了环保意识的警钟。事实上,生态环境问题要追溯到20世纪五六十年代,那时的国民经济刚刚步入正轨,国家工业化也是刚刚起步,环境污染问题只在局部地区出现而未引起广泛关注。然而,作为党的第一代领导集体核心,毛泽东敏感地察觉到此时环境保护的重要性,并提出了植树造林、水利建设、控制人口、开垦荒地等有关环境保护的言论。这些言论为中国特色社会主义生态文明建设打下了重要的理论基础,给党的生态文明建设思想积累了宝贵的经验,为我国社会主义现代化建设提供了重要的理论指导。     

Trends in the management of registered sexual offenders across England and Wales: a geographical approach to the study of sexual offending

Abstract

Social scientists, and geographers in particular, have long been interested in examining spatial patterns of offending in order to generate a “geography” of crime and criminality. This paper examines what value, if any, a geographical approach to the study of sexual offending might offer. Utilising published official data from England and Wales it presents for the first time geographical analyses of the registration, risk assessment and management of Registered Sexual Offenders (RSOs) across 42 Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement (MAPPA) areas. In doing so it considers and evaluates the methodological issues pertaining to the use of such data and such a geographical approach. We conclude that geographical interpretations of both the incidence of RSOs and the rates of risk allocations between MAPPA areas provide valuable insights and raise new questions about the way in which RSOs are managed nationally and are thus worthy of further exploration.