论修订后刑诉法下侦查阶段辩护律师的角色与地位

刑事诉讼的历史就是辩护权不断扩大的历史。辩护权发展的核心在于辩护人介入刑事诉讼程度的不断深入以及辩护权的不断完善。公安机关需要正确理解辩护律师在侦查阶段的辩护人法律地位及会见通信权、讯问在场权、调查取证权等诉讼权利。辩护律师在侦查阶段主要是帮助犯罪嫌疑人行使辩护权并监督制约侦查机关的活动,维护犯罪嫌疑人人权的重要作用。     

Listening to voices: The use of phenomenology to differentiate malingered from genuine auditory verbal hallucinations

The experience of hearing a voice in the absence of an appropriate external stimulus, formally termed an auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), may be malingered for reasons such as personal financial gain, or, in criminal cases, to attempt a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity. An accurate knowledge of the phenomenology of AVHs is central to assessing the veracity of claims to such experiences. We begin by demonstrating that some contemporary criminal cases still employ inaccurate conceptions of the phenomenology of AVHs to assess defendants' claims. The phenomenology of genuine, malingered, and atypical AVHs is then examined. We argue that, due to the heterogeneity of AVHs, the use of typical properties of AVHs as a yardstick against which to evaluate the veracity of a defendant's claims is likely to be less effective than the accumulation of instances of defendants endorsing statements of atypical features of AVHs. We identify steps towards the development of a formal tool for this purpose, and examine other conceptual issues pertinent to criminal cases arising from the phenomenology of AVHs.     

精神病辩护：历史、社会与现实

精神病辩护制度在普通法国家具有长久之历史,特别在美国,其不仅具有比较完善的刑事责任能力法则,而且其精神病辩护的案件也备受社会各界瞩目。而精神病辩护制度、相关立法或者司法实践活动并不是与世隔绝、生活在真空中的产物,其受到社会、政治、伦理道德等各种因素的影响。同时,即使在精神病辩护制度最为发达的美国,与人们印象中不同的是,实际上精神病辩护并未获得多大的成功,从而形成想象与现实的落差。对于我国而言,应从精神病辩护制度之历史、社会与现实多个视角或者因素考虑,从而确立一种渐进的或者改良的中国刑事责任能力法则或者辩护制度。     

受虐杀夫引发的法律问题

对长期深受丈夫暴力虐待而将其杀死 ,是否属于正当防卫或防卫过当 ,即暴力虐待是否属于“正在进行的不法侵害” ,《刑法》第 2 3 2条中的“情节较轻”中的情节是指“犯罪情节”还是“量刑情节” ,怎样才算“情节较轻” ,进行了深入的探讨。     

认罪认罚从宽制度中律师有效辩护的实现路径

律师的有效辩护是认罪认罚从宽程序得以正当运行的必要条件,是确保犯罪嫌疑人、被告人认罪认罚的自愿性,帮助其与检察机关进行量刑协商,为其争取最大限度量刑优惠的关键。然而在司法实践中,认罪认罚案件中律师的辩护效果不甚理想。为了实现律师在认罪认罚从宽程序中的有效辩护,需要厘清司法实践中律师有效辩护的现实阻碍,并结合认罪认罚从宽制度所特有的程序机制,通过适当转变律师的辩护策略、完善值班律师制度、建立控辩平等的量刑协商程序以及完善律师辩护权利的救济机制等措施,来推动实现律师在认罪认罚案件中的有效辩护。     

战略、安全与国防财政治理

国家财政治理能有效推动国家经济建设与国防能力建设的协调发展。当前,我国外部环境正面临着复杂变化,要想改变“修昔底德陷阱”等固有观念,需要通过国防财政治理来提升财政在国防建设规划中的职能定位,持续强化财政战略规划统筹经济和国防的能力,及时消除潜在威胁,稳定地缘政治安全。国家战略、安全与国防财政治理天然地具有统一性,国防财政治理的效能越高,国家规划战略应对潜在安全威胁的选择性就越多,就越能巩固国家经济发展取得的成就。     

The expanding role of expert psychological evaluations and testimony in Hague child abduction litigation

Hague Convention cases are a growing niche in forensic assessments. These cases focus on returning children, or preventing their return, after international abductions, by one of the parents, has occurred. This article focuses on the legal underpinnings of the Hague Abduction Convention, the “affirmative defenses” that may be invoked to prevent a return order, including “grave risk of harm,” “mature objection”, and the “well settled defense.” The article will also focus on the increasing roles that forensic evaluators play in these matters, the distinction between the role of forensic experts in custody proceedings and Hague cases, and the inherent limitations present in these unique kinds of evaluations.     

The discursive construction of intervention: selves,democratic legacies,and Responsibility to Protect in French discourse on Libya

This article analyses French executives' and lawmakers' legitimisations of the intervention in Libya with the aim of understanding the discursive construction of intervention. It investigates the arguments in favour of intervention and the oppositions they were confronted with. To these arguments belong a re-evaluated democratic legacy of France, an identification with the Libyan people, and a debate on Responsibility to Protect and the rule of law in world politics, which have a broader relevance for French actorness abroad. The article applies the Essex School discourse theory and techniques from Interpretive Policy Analysis on executive speeches and parliamentary documents for structuring the debate and for estimating the strength of ideas in their interdiscursive configuration. An ideal-typical explanation of the legitimisation of intervention and of the choice of one policy over another is made. The article argues that going to war in Libya equated to a question of cultural appropriateness.     

The Minimal State and Indigent Defense

Very few scholars discuss the moral basis of the right of persons accused of crimes to be supplied with attorneys if they cannot afford them. More discussion of the topic is needed, in particular because political theorists who prefer a minimal state deny that indigent persons have such a moral right. This article addresses their contentions by developing three arguments for supplying poor persons accused of crimes with defense attorneys. First, doing so will prevent state officials from becoming emboldened in their dealings with the poor, such that they might come to pose a threat to the non-poor. Second, poor persons who believe that the state does not treat them fairly will have reduced incentives to abide by the law, which will, in turn, increase the cost of the minimal state. Third, the better off should show solidarity with the poor in demanding that the minimal state honor all citizens’ rights to life, liberty, and property. Crucial to these arguments is the claim that a right of indigent defense is unlike other welfare rights in that securing it protects other basic moral rights that minimal statists acknowledge.     

论英美刑法中的胁迫

胁迫在英美刑法中是合法辩护事由的一种。胁迫成立条件包括真实性、对象、程度、现实性以及不可以免罪的罪行等方面的要求;胁迫可以免罪的理论依据包括功利主义的要求、人性的需要以及对刑法的谦抑性和个别正义的追求。