Assessing the impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme for women in Peru

This article reports on research that aimed to assess the economic and social impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme targeted to women in Peru, looking at overall and differentiated impacts according to design features, on a sample of 300 women in participant and non-participant communities. The study found significant positive impacts on women’s time devoted to work outside the house and in their saving propensity, although no significant change on time allocated to domestic activities. It also detected some effects on an index of family cohesion and on home improvements. Finally, there was evidence that some design features influence the magnitude and significance of these impacts.     

基于价值分析的学位授权制度评估

我国学位授权制度建立以来对社会发展、经济建设和科技进步起到了积极推动作用,但随着社会的发展与变化,现行学位授权制度的不适应性已非常明显,有必要对其进行评估与改革。在界定了学位授权制度的工具价值和终极价值的基础上,从利益相关者视角出发对其进行了评估。结果表明,由于居主导地位的政府过分关注制度的工具价值而忽略其终极价值是问题的根源所在,在实施中表现为无法有效适应社会需求,并受到高校机会主义行为的强烈冲击。以博弈论为工具剖析了问题的现实起源,进而指出行政首长推动的,以平衡不同价值取向、吸纳各利益相关者参与制度运行为手段的制度演化将是其实现变革的可行路径。     

"政绩式改革"的生成逻辑及其治理路径

党的十八大以来,地方政府改革和创新的热情不断高涨,诞生了以"最多跑一次""街道吹哨、部门报到"等较为典型的改革模式,得到中央的认可并在全国推广。但同时也要看到,地方自主行为空间的增大和上级对于地方政府官员绩效考核指标从单纯的注重经济增长到经济发展与改革创新并重的转变,使得地方政府官员的行为策略发生明显变化,相伴而生的就是"政绩式改革"问题日渐凸显。"政绩式改革"的存在,使得地方治理易于陷入政府工作重心发生偏离、治理资源出现错配或无效配置、公共政策缺乏稳定性和连续性、真正干实事的干部难以获得晋升等问题。而增强顶层设计方案的可操作性、提高居民满意度在地方官员绩效考核指标体系中的权重、帮助地方政府官员树立正确理性的改革观和维持地方政府政策的稳定性和连续性是治理"政绩式改革"的基本路径。     

论信用行政评价的属性及其司法控制——一种后果取向的分析视角

信用行政评价是信用行政惩戒制度中的关键环节,其合法性对后续惩戒措施的合法性具有决定作用。关于其行为性质与可诉性,理论上存在行政处罚、行政确认、主动信息公开和行政事实行为四种认识。司法实践中,法院虽然通过严格的规范演绎推理否定了信用行政评价的行政处罚属性,但是未能就其行为性质与可诉性达成肯定而统一的认识。后果解释在信用评价案件中具有可适用性,通过澄清隐藏在司法判决中的后果考量,并以后果权衡的均衡性为标准,应当将信用评价定性为行政确认和政府主动的信息公开。在审查进路上,法院应进行独立审查和分类审查,根据不同的行为定性采取不同的审查强度,建构不同的审查标准。     

中国地方政府绩效评估的可持续性问题研究——基于“甘肃模式”的理论反思

政府绩效评估作为一种创新性的政府管理工具,其科学性与可持续性成为推动政府绩效管理和政府能力建设的关键。然而由于多种因素的影响,我国地方政府绩效评估的持续性开展面临着一系列的障碍。为了深入解析这些障碍并提出解决方法,文章运用文献研究法及模型分析法等,试图从既往文献的梳理入手,结合中国地方政府绩效评估的典型模式之一的"甘肃模式",对该模式中出现的问题和面临的困境进行系统的理论分析,在此基础上分析总结出我国地方政府绩效评估可持续开展的重要影响因素:法律保障、政治支持、社会参与以及评估体系设计。在以往政府绩效评估理论研究的基础上,作者构建出一个新的理论分析模型,并据此模型对"甘肃模式"进行分析,提出促进地方政府绩效评估可持续性发展的若干建议。目前国内学者对于绩效评估可持续性问题的研究相对较少,因而本文中的相关结论与建议对于推动我国地方政府绩效评估的可持续性具有一定的理论指导意义与实践参考价值。     

Micro-enterprise development initiatives and entrepreneurial competencies,innovativeness, and social capital in Malaysia

This article examines the effect of participation in development programmes designed for women micro-entrepreneurs on the development of entrepreneurial competencies, innovativeness, and social capital. The study employed a cross-sectional design and quasi-experimental approach, and collected data from 417 women micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Findings reveal that the participants possess a significantly higher level of social capital, innovativeness, and entrepreneurial competencies. Development organisations should therefore focus on redesigning their policies and programmes to improve the breadth and depth of the development programmes that they offer, which ultimately lead to an improvement in the social-economic condition of low-income households in Malaysia.     

Agricultural research organisations’ role in the emergence of agricultural innovation systems

Poor farmers seldom benefit from new agricultural technologies. In response, research and extension approaches based on agricultural innovation systems are popular. Often agricultural research organisations are the network brokers, facilitating the emergence of the innovation system. Based on an analysis of the Sustainable Modernization of Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro) initiative in Mexico, this viewpoint suggests that such organisations are more often suitable network brokers when the objective is the development and scaling out of a technology by itself. When the objectives are multi-faceted and include extension and education, other actors are better placed to be the network broker.     

A no-displacement option? Rights,risks and negotiated settlement in development displacement

“Voluntary” land transfer agreements, negotiated directly between “willing buyers and willing sellers”, present a seemingly empowering alternative to the use of legal instruments for land acquisition or transfer which entail forced displacement. Yet asymmetrical bargaining power between the negotiating parties can undermine the fairness of negotiated outcomes and the right of the sellers to a “no-displacement” option. Viewed against a complex background of bourgeoning land transfers in multiple sites, this article examines rights-based and risks-based approaches to negotiated settlements, concluding that measures to address asymmetries in bargaining power must look beyond enhanced negotiation procedures to address underlying social and political dimensions.     

基于效能观的治安行政管理绩效评价

治安行政管理是公安机关的一项基本职能,其工作好坏的评估需要有一套科学评估指标体系与方法。传统的治安评价重点在于社会治安状态的好坏,是一种忽略其管理过程的结果性评价。效能观在管理科学中相对于效率、效果更能准确反映组织绩效性能。将两者结合可以比较准确地评判公安机关治安行政管理工作,基于上述考虑可以设计相应的指标体系。     

企业知识管理中促进知识共享的核心过程研究

知识管理在现代企业运营中发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为知识管理的关键环节,知识共享尤其重要。企业知识管理中知识共享存在诸多阻碍因素,如心理、内外部环境等,要克服这些障碍就要从个体素质,组织结构等方面去考虑改进的方法,进而建立一套有效的评价机制,促进企业文化知识共享。