Sustainable development in cultural projects: mistakes and challenges

This article reports on research that analysed a number of sustainable development reports by international organisations which consolidate findings from different countries, to produce evidence of the powerful role of culture in sustainable development of various communities. The research looked at reports on sustainable development through cultural activities published between 2010 and 2013, which together provide an overview of about 80 sustainable development projects. Drawing on analysis of the development indicators approaches utilised by the reports’ authors, this article identifies the main challenges that cultural practitioners and policymakers face when trying to measure changes achieved through cultural support in developing communities. The paper illuminates various inconsistencies in the employment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of development, confusions between development indicators and cultural activities, and misunderstandings of cultural sustainability. These key mistakes lead to incorrect measurement of development changes. This article provides recommendations for how to address these problems in order to develop a more robust framework for development evaluations.     

The terminologies associated with development and marginalisation for Orang Asli in Malaysia

Previously, any failure of Orang Asli development activity in Malaysia, was characterised by using a single term in all situations ? “marginalisation”. This generalisation was unfair to everyone involved in the Orang Asli development process, made it difficult to resolve problems, and resulted in tendencies to blame certain people. Based on ethnographic research in Kuala Gandah, Pahang, Malaysia, this article allocates three terms in the Orang Asli development marginalisation discourse: “secluded”, “isolated”, and “marginalised”. “Secluded” refers to development activity that accidentally marginalises. “Isolated” refers to development activity that directly and deliberately marginalises. “Marginalised” refers to the Che Wong that were eliminating or avoiding development. These terms were exposed by weaknesses in the implementation of development, namely the role of a single dominant approach in development activities – the top-down approach – and a tendency to generalise the marginalisation of the Orang Asli. This article recommends that more care be taken to apply a development approach that deals with situations on a case-by-case basis and that utilises the partnership approach to development, involving all parties in all phases.     

如何科学评估公共政策? ——政策评估中的反事实框架及匹配方法的应用

公共决策科学化依赖于科学的公共政策评估。随着国外公共政策评估研究越来越依赖于旨在评估政策因果效应的因果推断方法,国内公共政策学者也开始进行初步尝试,但是如何有效选择和运用因果推断方法开展政策评估研究仍有待系统梳理。本文介绍了公共政策评估方法的反事实框架,精确定义了公共政策的因果效应。在此基础上,本文将匹配方法总结为距离测算与配对两个步骤,并详细阐述了协变量匹配、粗糙完全匹配、马氏距离匹配、倾向值匹配和熵平衡匹配的原理,比较了不同方法的优势与劣势。结合公共政策评估的前沿实证研究,本文介绍了如何具体运用匹配方法进行政策评估研究。本文还探讨了应用匹配方法的注意事项,包括匹配方法的适用性、匹配与回归的关系、匹配方法对样本数量的要求及是否允许放回等。     

政府绩效测量及其解释——兼评罗伯特·帕特南的《使民主运转起来》

结合<使民主运转起来>一书,本文探讨了罗伯特·帕特南的政府绩效测量方法,及其对政府绩效决定因素的分析.作者认为,国内研究应该吸收和借鉴帕特南的思路和方法,在加强政府绩效评价研究的同时,对政府绩效管理及政府绩效决定因素的研究予以充分重视.此外,对政府绩效的研究也不应"大干快上",而需带着一份审慎、小心、存疑、求证的态度,踏上政府绩效的探索之旅,并在旅程中享受这一切.     

集中行使行政处罚权的行政机关:评估与前瞻

集中行使行政处罚权的行政机关是相对集中行政处罚权制度的载体。通过对集中行使行政处罚权行政机关的名称、机构设置、执法主体资格、机构精简、执法人员等情况进行分析,发现这一制度虽然发挥了一些作用,但质疑之声一直存在着,实践中也有诸多问题。有必要肯定这一制度的合法性,明确其发展方向,通过立法明确其法律地位,健全组织领导形式。     

欧洲安全战略实施绩效评估

2003年出台的欧洲安全战略是欧盟共同外交与安全政策发展历程中的一个重要里程碑,欧洲安全战略所推进的实践性举措包括欧盟安全政策架构及组织机构的完善、成员国安全合作及内部治理结构优化、拓展欧盟的国际安全责任、强化外交与防务能力等。该战略能否得以有效实施、以及其实施绩效如何,是战略文本富有现实意涵的政策延伸,也是评判其价值的重要依据。     

Urban governance and multilateral aid organizations: The case of informal water supply systems

This paper explores the different urban governance models proposed by multilateral aid organizations in accessing water through informal supply systems, to assess the rationale and the guiding principles at the basis of their different ‘governance approaches’. There can be no doubt that most developing countries are now experiencing a rapid and unprecedented urban growth, which is bringing about a rising demand for urban services, especially those concerning water supply. To cope with this pressing issue, the response of multilateral aid organizations—such as the World Bank, UN-HABITAT and the European Union––has been represented by the design and implementation of different urban governance and management systems, called to support an equitable and efficient access to urban water supply services. This paper focuses on the different urban governance approaches through which multilateral donors support informal networks and small scale providers to provide water supply in cities of developing countries. It highlights how these different urban governance approaches address the overall issues of poverty reduction whilst in reality, in certain cases, they also aim to affect and regulate domestic public policies of Third World countries. In particular, it argues that the governance model proposed––and imposed––by the World Bank continues to belong to a neo-liberal policy agenda, which considers water and urban services as commodities to be managed through widespread competition and market mechanisms. On the contrary, UN-HABITAT, and the European Union to a certain extent, highlight the need for an urban governance system that promotes the ownership of development strategies by local communities and that rests on the principles of inclusiveness and equity.

行政不法与刑事不法的不对称性研究

我国行政法规范与刑事法规范并行的二元违法立法模式,是确定行政不法与刑事不法范围、关系的法源所在.在我国立法模式下,行政不法与刑事不法的对象、范围均具有不对称性,均需区分交叉部分与独立部分.行政不法与刑事不法规制对象的交叉部分即规制对象相同并不意味规制范围相同,需要进一步通过规范保护目的区分行政不法与刑法不法范围的交叉部...     

政府门户网站绩效评估:意义、研究现状与趋势

政府门户网站绩效评估是绩效评估理论在政府电子化建设进程中的具体应用,它是推动行政管理体制改革的一个重要的外部动力,有助于实现透明政府、服务政府、节约型政府和回应性政府的建设.当前,国内外有关评估机构和专家学者从不同方面、不同角度和不同视阈对政府门户网站绩效评估进行了纵深研究,形成了一股方兴未艾的学术潮流.但当前研究的仍存在一些不足,这也为下一步深入研究提高了发挥空间.