论当代民事证据法的范围与任务

证据法是独立于实体法与诉讼法的法律范畴,界定当代民事证据法的范围需要协调证据法与实体法、诉讼法的关系,要在证据规则与法官自由裁量之间寻求平衡。将证据实体规则作为民事证据法的主要内容包括证据能力、证据证明力、证明标准以及证明责任的有关规定。当代民事证据法的基本任务是在实现事实认定的准确性的基础之上保障诉讼效率并协调司法证明过程中的价值冲突。     

Are facial image analysis experts any better than the general public at identifying individuals from CCTV images?

The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy and reliability of a small group of facial imagery experts, and compare their abilities with members of the general public, to ascertain whether or not training and experience will affect the ability to identify faces from CCTV footage.A number of clips from CCTV footage were utilised alongside face pools. The participants were asked to identify the actor in each CCTV clip and provide a level of confidence in the decision.The experts tested in this study were consistently better at identification than the public, with almost double the identification rates and half the errors. These results suggest that training and experience in facial analysis will produce more reliable and accurate facial identification.     

不在场证据的证明——以台湾地区南回铁路翻车案为说明

在刑事案件审理时,不在场证明是律师反败为胜的最佳工具。但如何证明不在场,却不是那么容易。本文即欲探讨,关于不在场证明到底如何论证,并以台湾地区“南回铁路翻车案”为核心,来说明不在场证据的证明。     

犯罪物证的确定方法探析

犯罪物证的确定是现场勘查中关键的一环,正确确定犯罪物证是利用物证的前提。实际勘查中我们可以通过直接判断法、分析判断法、比较排除法、实验论证法来确定犯罪物证。     

诱饵侦查的合法化及其法律规制

诱饵侦查在我国侦查实践中时常运用,但却没有法律根据,甚至有违现行法律规定。诱饵侦查是一种利弊共生的侦查手段,有其存在的必要性,但也必须对其进行严格的法律规制,以防止诱饵侦查的滥用,而对公民合法权益造成侵害。法律应严格限制诱饵侦查的适用范围,明确诱饵侦查适用的前提条件,限定诱饵侦查的诱惑程度,确立对诱饵侦查的审批和监督程序,允许被告人以非法诱饵侦查作为无罪辩护的理由,排除非法诱饵侦查行为所获证据。     

关于加强公安民警物证保全意识的思考

随着社会的进步和司法体制改革的深入,物证在公安司法实践中的作用越来越重要。目前公安民警在执法实践中对物证的发现、识别、提取、保管和运用等方面的工作与现代刑事司法标准还是有一定距离的。必须加强公安民警物证保全意识,掌握对物证的发现、固定、保管的技能。     

犯罪现场再现与痕迹物证的位置

痕迹物证是再现现场中需要挖掘信息的主要方面,只有充分挖掘痕迹物证才能越加接近事　　实。痕迹物证遗留的位置是利用痕迹物证进行现场再现的重中之重,因为痕迹物证遗留的位置能够反　　映出作案人的作案过程、行为特点、人身特点、职业特点。     

试论现场微量物证的侦破作用

现场微量物证作为一门新兴的刑事科学技术,已经由开始时的种类检验逐步走向了个体认定。我们侦技人员在思想上要与时俱进,树立常规痕迹物证的危机意识,注重现场微量物证的发现、提取和攻关。观念上要不断转变,努力提高使用微量物证链锁间接证据的能力,在侦查破案中共同开创现场微量物证的新局面。     

论检察机关的犯罪指控体系——以侦查指引制度为视角的分析

构建侦查指引制度是检察机关健全和完善以证据为核心的刑事犯罪指控体系的基石性问题。经过近30年的实践发展,侦查指引在制度定位上实现了从法律监督向服务公诉的转变,并且在捕诉一体格局下获得了新发展。基于固有侦查模式存在的显著弊端,在全面推行刑事诉讼以审判中心的改革和社会犯罪形势发生明显变化的情况下,侦查指引被赋予了完善以证据为核心的刑事指控体系的重要使命。从理论上讲,侦查指引制度的构建和运行与警检结构的深层次命题并不存在绝对“依附关系”,但为了避免其落入颠覆警检结构的理论窠臼,有必要将侦查指引与参与侦查、指挥侦查进行合理区分,并正确认识监督与指引两项职能之间的冲突和调和。在运行多年并取得一定积极成效的同时,侦查指引也面临着一些内在问题和外来质疑,需要予以进一步解决。     

Establishing phone-pair co-usage by comparing mobility patterns

In forensic investigations it is often of value to establish whether two phones were used by the same person during a given time period. We present a method that uses time and location of cell tower registrations of mobile phones to assess the strength of evidence that any pair of phones were used by the same person. The method is transparent as it uses logistic regression to discriminate between the hypotheses of same and different user, and a standard kernel density estimation to quantify the weight of evidence in terms of a likelihood ratio. We further add to previous theoretical work by training and validating our method on real world data, paving the way for application in practice. The method shows good performance under different modeling choices and robustness under lower quantity or quality of data. We discuss practical usage in court.