Quantitative Statistics and Identification of Tool‐Marks

This study was designed to establish a feature identification method of tool‐mark 2D data. A uniform local binary pattern histogram operator was developed to extract the tool‐mark features, and the random forest algorithm was adopted to identify these. The presented method was used to conduct five groups of experiments with a 2D dataset of known matched and nonmatched tool‐marks made by bolt clippers, cutting pliers, and screwdrivers. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved a high rate of identification of the tool‐mark samples generated under identical conditions. The proposed method effectively overcomes the disadvantage of unstable illumination of 2D tool‐mark image data and avoids the difficulty in mark inspection caused by manually preset parameters in the existing methods, thus reducing the uncertainty of inspected results.     

Two loci ‘exclusion’ of true paternity is due to genetic disorder in a child

We describe a paternity case with three genetic incompatibilities between a three-year-old boy and his putative father.STR analysis of 2 out of 25 markers revealed the absence of paternal alleles and presence of two maternal alleles at D2S441 and D2S1338 loci in the child. The rest 23 STR markers served to confirm paternity. In addition, we analyzed Y-STRs and determined the same haplotype in the child and his putative father.With massive parallel sequencing on HID Ion GeneStudio S5 System using Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR Panel v2 (Applied Biosystems) we confirmed the presence of two alleles of maternal origin at D2S441, D2S1338 loci and identified two maternal alleles at additional locus D2S1776 located on chromosome 2 in the child.Finally, we confirm paternity. Three loci ‘exclusion’ was due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 2 in the child.     

Experimental Study on the Postmortem Redistribution of the Substituted Phenethylamine, 25B‐NBOMe

2‐(4‐Bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B‐NBOMe) is a substituted phenethylamine, which has become highly prevalent worldwide since 2014. Recently, in an autopsy case involving fatal 25B‐NBOMe intoxication, we found the postmortem increase of 25B‐NBOMe concentration in the cardiac blood approximately 2 days after death. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of 25B‐NBOMe and reproduce the postmortem redistribution using a rat model. Sprague‐Dawley rats were killed 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of 25B‐NBOMe (0.5 mg/kg) and left for 0, 3, 6, 9, 15, or 24 h (six rats at each time point). Postmortem 25B‐NBOMe concentrations in the cardiac blood increased by more than 10‐fold at 6‐h postmortem. 25B‐NBOMe accumulated primarily in the lung. Moreover, this postmortem redistribution occurred even in rats that had died 1 week following the 25B‐NBOMe administration. These findings indicate that attention should be paid to sample collection and data interpretation in the toxicological analysis of 25B‐NBOMe.     

Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.     

2型糖尿病患者常见体质与IL 6、IL 10、IL 10R1基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病人群常见体质类型阴虚质、痰湿质与白细胞介素 6（interleukin 6, IL 6）、白细胞介素 10（interleukin 10,IL 10）、白细胞介素 10受体1（interleukin 10 receptor 1,IL 10R1） 基因多态性的相关性,筛选2型糖尿病常见中医体质的部分易感基因,为2型糖尿病的早期防治提供一定的依据。方法 收集2型糖尿病患者共395例,进行基因检测,应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性（PCR RFLP）技术检测IL 6的rs1800796位点、IL 10的rs1800871位点、IL 10R1的rs2228055位点,进行基因分型。参照中华中医药学会《中医体质分类与判定》进行中医体质辨识。对2型糖尿病常见体质类型阴虚质、痰湿质与IL 6、IL 10、IL 10R1基因多态性的相关性进行统计分析。结果 痰湿质组IL 10 rs1800871 CT基因型比例明显低于非痰湿质CT基因型比例（30.4% vs 45.9%,χ2=6.137,P=0.013）。以IL 10 rs1800871 CC为参照,IL 10 rs1800871 CT为2型糖尿病阴虚质的主要危险因素（P=0.019,OR=2.593,95% CI为1.710～5.746）;以IL 10 rs1800871 CT为参照,IL 10 rs1800871 TT为2型糖尿病痰湿质的主要危险因素（P=0.025,OR=1.809,95% CI为1.076～3.041）。结论 IL 10 rs1800871位点CT基因型是2型糖尿病阴虚质患者的危险因素,IL 10 rs1800871位点TT基因型是2型糖尿病痰湿质患者的危险因素,IL 10基因多态性可能是2型糖尿病阴虚质、痰湿质的分子遗传学基础之一。     

雄黄主要成分As2S2通过“ANP32A-INHAT-H3乙酰化”轴抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移的表观遗传调控机制

目的 探究雄黄主要成分二硫化二砷（As2S2）对三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer,TNBC）的作用及表观遗传调控机制。方法 〖JP2〗采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成和细胞划痕实验探究As2S2对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A及TNBC细胞增殖和迁移的影响;4D-label free定量蛋白质组学分析挖掘As2S2抗TNBC的潜在干预靶点酸性核磷蛋白家族成员32A（acidic nuclear phosphoprotein family member 32A,ANP32A）;慢病毒感染法构建ANP32A过表达敲低细胞株,探究潜在靶点ANP32A对As2S2抗TNBC作用的影响;蛋白质免疫共沉淀和Western blot实验探究As2S2是否通过ANP32A调控TNBC细胞H3乙酰化。结果 As2S2对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A影响甚微,但显著抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移,且呈剂量依赖性;4D-lable free定量蛋白质组学分析结果显示,促癌因子ANP32A被As2S2显著下调,且ANP32A表达影响As2S2在TNBC中的抗增殖和迁移效果。As2S2能下调ANP32A的蛋白水平,抑制乙酰转移酶抑制剂复合物亚基的招募,增加H3乙酰化水平。结论 As2S2通过下调ANP32A蛋白调控TNBC细胞中H3乙酰化,抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移。     

柚皮素- 铜络合物对Hep- G2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 观察柚皮素-铜络合物在体外对人肝癌Hep-G2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响,探究其作用机制。方法 将不同浓度柚皮素-铜络合物作用于体外培养的Hep-G2细胞,采用甲基噻唑基四唑法检测细胞生长抑制率;荧光显微镜下观察柚皮素-铜络合物对DAPI染色的Hep-G2细胞凋亡的影响;应用流式细胞仪检测凋亡率; Western blot法检测细胞中Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达的变化。结果 柚皮素-铜络合物可显著地抑制Hep-G2细胞增殖,且在一定的范围内呈浓度依赖性。荧光显微镜下观察显示,柚皮素-铜络合物作用的Hep-G2细胞出现显著的凋亡特征,呈剂量依赖性地增加细胞凋亡率。柚皮素-铜络合物可上调Hep-G2细胞中Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达,且呈一定的剂量依赖性。结论 柚皮素-铜络合物可抑制Hep-G2细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与上调Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达有关。     

电针“百会”“神庭”对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力和海马突触结构与相关蛋白表达水平的影响

目的 观察电针“百会”“神庭”对血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VD）大鼠学习和记忆功能的影响,并从突触结构及突触相关蛋白表达水平的角度揭示其作用机制。方法 将35只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针穴位组、电针非穴位组和奥拉西坦组,每组7只。采用改良双侧颈动脉结扎模型,电针穴位组大鼠选择“百会”“神庭”两穴治疗,电针非穴位组大鼠选择固定非穴位刺激,每次电针30 min,每日1次,连续干预14 d;奥拉西坦组大鼠选择腹腔注射奥拉西坦,50 mg/kg,每日1次,连续14 d。采用Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠学习和空间记忆能力;透射电子显微镜观察各组大鼠海马CA1区突触结构;Western blot检测各组大鼠海马突触后致密蛋白95（postsynaptic density protein 95, PSD95）、GluA1、GluN2B和磷酸化GluN2B蛋白表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠学习期逃避潜伏时间延长,测试期跨越平台次数减少,目标象限停留时间显著缩短,大脑质量显著增加,海马CA1区突触结构数明显减少,海马PSD95、GluA1、GluN2B和磷酸化GluN2B蛋白表达水平均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,电针穴位组大鼠的学习期逃避潜伏时间缩短,测试期跨越平台次数增加,目标象限停留时间延长,大脑质量降低,CA1区突触结构数增多,海马PSD95、GluA1、GluN2B和磷酸化GluN2B蛋白表达水平增加,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 电针“百会”“神庭”能改善VD大鼠的学习记忆功能,改变海马突触结构,分子机制可能和增加突触蛋白PSD95、GluA1和GluN2B的蛋白表达水平相关。     

上海市220例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中医体质类型分布与防控策略

目的 初步探讨上海局部传播的新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中医体质类型的分布,为确立核酸筛查和常态化核酸检测的重点人群提供中医体质学说依据。方法 设计中医体质量表,对上海市花博园安徽方舱医院新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者进行中医体质调查,通过中医临床数据采集平台录入一般资料和体质调查数据,并进行统计学分析。结果 220例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株无症状感染者中,全程无症状感染病例163例,无症状感染者转化为轻型者57例。163例全程无症状感染者中,平和质141例（86.5%）,偏颇质22例（13.5%）,57例无症状感染者转化为轻型者中,平和质3例（5.3%）,偏颇质54例（94.7%）。两组平和质、偏颇质分布率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;全程无症状感染者的平和质分布率显著高于无症状感染者转化为轻型者（P＜0.05）。全程无症状感染者出现频率超过10%的体质类型仅有平和质,而无症状感染者转化为轻型病例出现频率超过10%的体质类型有4种,分别是湿热质、气郁质、痰湿质、气虚质。全程无症状感染者的湿热质、气郁质、痰湿质、气虚质分布率显著低于无症状感染转化为轻型者（P＜0.05）。结论 上海市新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者,由无症状感染者转化为轻型者的发病过程与体质偏颇、基础疾病密切相关;新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染平和质者的隐蔽性强,是优先进行核酸筛查和常态化核酸检测的重点人群。