Mano Dura: El Salvador responds to gangs

Although it is increasingly recognised that violence, crime, and associated fear are challenging democratic governance in Latin America, less attention has been paid to the ways in which state responses to crime contribute to the problem. By analysing El Salvador as a case study, this article addresses three key interconnected issues in the debate. First, it explores the dynamic of violence. It then locates youth gangs as violent actors within this context. Finally, it addresses the state response to the growing phenomenon of youth gangs. It is argued that current strategies, dubbed Mano Dura – Iron Fist, employed by the Salvadoran government serve to reveal the fragility of the democratic project, exposing the underside of authoritarianism that remains key to Salvadoran political life in the transitional process from civil war to peace.     

Generosity undermined: the Cotonou Agreement and the African Growth and Opportunity Act

This article argues that Africa's developmental efforts can be greatly enhanced by an improvement in its bargaining power and by a more genuine demonstration of generosity by its trading partners, in particular the developed countries. This generosity entails putting no conditions or restrictions on Africa's products, particularly agricultural exports, and eliminating farm subsidies in developed states. Unless this is done, concessions made to African countries will remain merely symbolic.     

美国《政府绩效与结果法》述评

美国《政府绩效与结果法》是各国政府绩效改革浪潮中具有里程碑意义的代表性立法。该法对政府绩效管理的目的、内容、责任、实施进程以及实施中的其他问题有详尽的规定,具有规范效力的统一性、推行实施的渐进性、管理评价方面的分权以及内容的灵活性等特征。该法在实施中获得好评的同时,也表现出了绩效改革与传统行政法治秩序之间的固有矛盾,使得绩效与法治两种目标的冲突在美国的政府改革过程中日见突出。我国正逐步深入的行政改革需要对此认真思考。     

Evaluating HIV/AIDS education programmes in Ugandan secondary schools

Although not part of the national curriculum until 2004, HIV/AIDS education has been taught for some time in Ugandan secondary schools through a variety of extracurricular means, including the media, youth groups, drama, music, and Parent–Teacher Associations. This article identifies and evaluates the integration of HIV/AIDS information into the national curriculum in Ugandan secondary schools between 2002 and 2004, based on the viewpoints of administrators, teachers, and students from 76 schools. While most schools did not include HIV/AIDS as part of the formal national curriculum at this time, the information was disseminated through a range of alternative means. The authors identify the most effective of these, discuss the perceived reactions of various stakeholders regarding HIV/AIDS being taught in secondary schools, and make recommendations for curricular reform.     

联合国在国际公共事务管理中的作用

随着全球化的发展,许多社会公共事务已经超出了国界的范围,成为全球性的事务。但是,由于联合国的性质是一个主权国家的联合体,并非一个世界政府,其作为国际公共事务管理主体的合法性还存在问题。     

非营利组织绩效评估的问题及对策分析

绩效评估是我国非营利组织健康发展的必要组成部分,但由于历史和现实的原因,我国的非营利组织的绩效评估还存在着一些困难,不能适应非营利组织蓬勃发展的需要,所以应该从组织"硬件"和观念"软件"两方面入手,找寻一条适合我国非营利组织特点的绩效评估之路。     

关于建立和完善领导干部实绩评价机制的实践与探索

随着队伍正规化建设的逐步推进和现代警务机制建设的不断深入,领导干部实绩评价机制的进一步改革与完善显得尤为必要。为此,我们必须以科学的发展观和正确的政绩观为指导,在管理理念、评价标准、考评方法、考评结果的运用等方面进行改革和探索,形成科学的评价体系,以促进队伍建设的全面发展。     

Gender equality – whose agenda? Observations from Cameroon

The political project of gender equality in Africa has gained momentum and made many achievements. However, these have been largely confined to the ‘big’ women working in the public and private bureaucratic contexts in which there is a greater commitment to gender equality. It is argued that in the context of Cameroon, until these ‘bigger’ women renew their commitment to their grassroots sisters, the experience of gender equality will remain largely unequal. Only strong links between white-collar workers and less privileged women will span this chasm.     

NGOs and multi-layered management of protected resources in Belize and Malaysia

Constrained largely by lack of resources – technical, financial, legal, and/or administrative – governments in developing countries often create multi-layered management structures to regulate and monitor protected resources. Such structures are created when non-government organisations are given authority to monitor and/or manage certain aspects of a protected natural or indigenous resource. Other aspects, often regulatory, remain under the management of government. Using case studies from Belize and Malaysia, the research reported here suggests that the multi-layered management structures created between NGOs and governments in developing countries often encourage chaotic monitoring, reactive policies, and conflicts over jurisdiction as well as a dependency on the technical, financial, and/or legal resources of NGOs.     

"善治"与公众回应

“治理”是一种新的管理理念和管理过程,“善治”是“治理”的有效状态。要实现“善”,需不断加强公众的群体基础、扩大公众政治参与权利、提高公众政治参与能力。“善治”与公众回应关系的探究,有着深刻的内在机理。