一个无根的“90后”非市民群体——在沪农民工同住子女生存现状

本文运用问卷调查、群体访谈的方法,对上海市＂90后＂农民工同住子女的生存与发展现状作了全景扫描研究。研究结果表明：1.＂90后＂农民工同住子女在学校教育中表现出＂转校频繁＂、＂英语学习困难＂、＂学习资源缺乏＂等现况,但其同伴交往良好;2.＂90后＂农民工同住子女在城市融入的过程中,正逐步自我接纳为＂新上海人＂,未来不想成为＂无根的非市民;＂3.为了生存与发展,＂90后＂农民工同住子女具有强烈的升学意愿;4.对于未来的职业定位,＂90后＂农民工同住子女几乎都不愿从事父辈一样的工作,教师、医生、警察（军人）等受人尊重、服务社会的职业是他们大多数人共同的职业理想。     

A Research Note

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with a sparsely researched topic-the victimization of females by fraud. A nationwide survey of victims of a large-scale telemarketing scheme showed that onlya small percentage of the victims were females. Both financial and emotional consequencesgenerally were more severe for the older than for the younger women.     

Hacia un modelo de atención a la discapacidad basado en los derechos humanos

The social model of disability is presented as a new paradigm of the recent disability treatment, that has had theoretical and legal current development. It is a model that considers that the origins of disability are not either religious or scientific, but social in a great measure. From this new perspective, it is emphasized that the population with disability can contribute to the society in the same circumstances that the rest of the population, which integrates the society, all this from a valorization of the inclusion perspective and respect of diversity. This model is closely related with certain essential values which underline the human rights, such as human dignity, individual freedom and equality; all these conduce to a decrease of barriers and lead to a social inclusion that sets basis to principles as: personal autonomy, nondiscrimination, universal accessibility, environmental normalization, civil dialogue, inter alia. The premise is that disability is part of a social construction, and it is not the deficiency created by the society itself what limits and prevents people with disability to be included, to decide or to design autonomously their own life plan with opportunity equality.     

银行危机处置过程中的股东权利限制研究

银行危机处置过程中股东权利限制是危机时期社会规制的需要,规制的原因包括维护金融稳定、预防系统性风险的发生、维护存款者的市场信心和预防股东道德风险发生。但股东权利保护是现代企业制度的核心内容,这就在限制与保护之间形成矛盾,这是银行生存的不同时期,股东行使权利正当性基础的差别造成的。因此,分析银行运行不同时期股东权行使的正当性基础,是论证银行危机处置期股东权利限制必要性的基础,同时,股东权利的限制必然影响到公司治理中利益相关主体间的权利结构平衡,故从法律规制和银行公司治理结构调整两个方面对矛盾的协调提出完善的建议。     

The Child's Attorney and the Alienated Child: Approaches to Resolving the Ethical Dilemma of Diminished Capacity

Increasingly lawyers for children follow a model of “client centered” (as opposed to “best interests”) representation in child custody disputes in which the child client defines the objectives of the representation. The client‐centered model, while appropriate in most cases to give voice to the child's preferences in a process that deeply impacts him or her, can create an ethical dilemma for the child's lawyer in cases where a child is truly alienated from the other parent by the actions of the alienating parent. Alienated children strongly and unreasonably express a preference for objectives of representation that might further damage the alienated parent's relationship with the child. The alienated child's objectives may be the result of a campaign of denigration and “brainwashing” by the alienating parent. This Note suggests that when a child is truly alienated from a parent, as diagnosed by a mental health expert, the child may have “diminished capacity” and therefore, the client‐directed model of representation is not adequate. This Note proposes that the Child's Attorney must determine whether the child is of diminished capacity under the Model Rules of Professional Conduct and, if so, must treat the client accordingly under Rule 1.14. Specifically, the attorney may, if all other remedial measures are inadequate, override the child's wishes and advocate a position that the child would take, but for the brainwashing of the child used to alienate him or her from a parent.     

Probabilistic Classification of Age by Third Molar Development: The Use of Soft Evidence

Abstract: This study introduces a method to classify individuals according to an age threshold, given sex and third molars’ dental maturity measured on the Demirjian scale by expressing uncertainty on dental evidence (soft evidence). We introduced a procedure to learn the parameters of the Naïve Bayes model, and we discussed two classification rules. The model was estimated and tested on 559 Italians aged 16–22. Two experts provided the dental evaluations, and the model was estimated for each of them. We evaluated the coherence of the evidence provided by the experts. Some indexes have been proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the models, emphasizing how the experts’ ability and the technology affect the results. We introduced two benchmarks, one based on the sample distribution per sex and age: in this case, probability of correct classification increases 22% and the proportion of false adults impressively decreases 80.2%; the other benchmark, obtained by simulating hard evidence, shows how the use of soft evidence increases the proportion of correct classification 3.1% and decreases the crucial proportion of false adults about 20%. Similarly, the proportion of false minors decreases about 5.3%.     

基于无缝隙政府的社会管理创新——以东莞为例

无缝隙政府所倡导的顾客导向、竞争导向和结果导向的治理理念为社会管理创新提供了新的视角。基于无缝隙政府理念,东莞在社会管理创新方面进行了有益的探索,以信息共享促进部门无缝隙衔接,优化业务流程促进无缝隙审批,以扁平化改革推动社区服务无缝隙对接。本文认为,未来的政府管理创新,应倡导无缝隙政府理念,以公众需求为导向提升公共服务的价值,以市场竞争为导向探索公共服务市场化供给,以结果为导向完善绩效评价体系。     

A Dive into Deep Constitutional Waters: Article 50, the Prerogative and Parliament

This article analyses the Article 50 TEU debate and the argument that for the UK Government to trigger the formal withdrawal process without explicit parliamentary authorisation would be unlawful, because it would inevitably result in the removal of rights enjoyed under EU law and the frustration of the purpose of the statutes giving those rights domestic effect. After a brief survey of Article 50, this article argues first of all that the power to trigger Article 50 remains within the prerogative, contesting Robert Craig's argument in this issue that it is now a statutory power. It then suggests a number of arguments as to why the frustration principle may be of only doubtful application in this case, and in doing so it re‐examines one of the key authorities prayed in aid of it ‐ the Fire Brigades Union case.     

试析土耳其文官政治与军人政治的博弈——基于正义与发展党的执政实践

军人在土耳其历史文化中占据重要地位,曾经通过3次军事政变推翻民选政府,并通过还政文官政府使土耳其沿着凯末尔主义的方向前进。正义与发展党上台后,尽管文官政府和军方极力维持脆弱的平衡关系,但双方在权力争夺、加入欧盟、库尔德问题、复兴伊斯兰文化等方面分歧重重,争端不断。文官政治和军人政治博弈的结果说明了土耳其的军人政治逐渐让步于文官政治,军人干政在可预见的将来很难再发生;尽管世俗主义和伊斯兰主义之间的斗争仍很激烈,但已逐渐趋于理性;正义与发展党"保守的民主"模式获得民众的普遍认可,将为中东诸国提供一种民主发展的范式。     

论我国公共财政救助问题银行的标准

当问题银行陷入流动性或支付性危机时,为避免银行倒闭引发的多米诺骨牌效应,维护金融体系稳定。对问题银行实施公共财政救助已成为各国政府和金融监管机构的主要救助措施。我国相关法律制度不完善,公共财政救助的标准不明确,随意性较强,不仅大大加重了政府负担,也极易引发道德风险和通胀危机,因此亟需厘清公共财政救助问题银行的职能边界。救助标准应遵循系统性风险原则、最终救济手段原则、成本最小化原则、推定模糊原则。