RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN PRETRIAL RELEASE DECISIONS AND OUTCOMES: A COMPARISON OF HISPANIC,BLACK, AND WHITE FELONY ARRESTEES*

The present study uses data on the processing of felony defendants in large urban courts to examine Hispanic, black, and white differences at the pretrial release stage. The major finding is that Hispanic defendants are more likely to be detained than white and black defendants. And, racial/ethnic differences are most pronounced in drug cases. In fact, Hispanic defendants suffer a triple burden at the pretrial release stage as they are the group most likely to be required to pay bail to gain release, the group that receives the highest bail amounts, and the group least able to pay bail. These findings are consistent with a focal concerns perspective of criminal case processing that suggests Hispanics as a newly immigrated group are especially prone to harsher treatment in the criminal case process.     

多权力格局的冲突与协调——以本轮房地产调控为中心所展开

房居事关民生,中央政府已出台一系列政策,仍无法控制房价的飞涨.需求和供给能解释大部分高房价,但仍无法解释为什么中央政策的失效.高房价是一系列主体的行为所导致,政府之间、政府部门间的冲突放纵了房价的上涨.更深刻的原因在于我国政制的不足,权力行使应被制约,但也要使它有效协调运作.     

猪圆环病毒2型感染裸鼠及BALB/c小鼠的研究

用猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)经腹腔注射BALB/c小鼠及裸鼠各15只,每隔2周1次,共感染3次。BALB/c小鼠初次、再次感染后均未出现明显的临床症状,仅有2只小鼠出现病理变化;从血清中可检测到PCV2核酸及其ORF2抗体;同时淋巴细胞增殖反应显著增强,NK和CTL细胞杀伤率显著升高;CD4+、CD8+、CD3+T淋巴细胞及CD19+B淋巴细胞数量显著减少。裸鼠也未出现明显的临床症状,从血清中可检测到PCV2核酸,但未检测到PCV2 ORF2抗体;除NK细胞杀伤率显著升高外,其余免疫学指标无显著改变。结果表明,BALB/c小鼠比裸鼠对PCV2易感,各项免疫学指标变化与PCV2感染猪一致,但不表现临床症状,仅个别BALB/c小鼠出现病理变化,说明BALB/c小鼠对PCV2不如猪易感。     

SUPERVISED VISITATION: A CALL FOR A SECOND GENERATION OF RESEARCH

With the divorce rate rising and related child visitation disputes becoming an increasingly difficult issue before the courts, supervised visitation programs have proliferated over the last decade. The literature demonstrates that ongoing contact between children and both parents following separation and/or divorce is important for children's socio‐emotional adjustment and positive child/parent relations. However, there is a paucity of literature demonstrating a relationship between supervised visitation programs and child/parent relationship outcomes. Based on the lack of outcome research the authors argue for a second generation of research regarding intended and unintended consequences of supervised visitation. This article reviews and synthesizes the current literature, highlighting strengths, limitations, significant findings and proposes a critical need for evidence‐based research.     

Umschichtungen im Konzern – keine Änderung der wirtschaftlichen Einflussmöglichkeiten

Keine ?nderung der wirtschaftlichen Einflussm?glichkeiten liegt vor, wenn es zu Anteilsübertragungen oder Umgründungen zwischen konzernverbundenen Gesellschaften kommt, aber sich bei jenen Personen nichts ?ndert, die auf der obersten Ebene den Einfluss ausüben. Derartige Handlungen innerhalb eines Konzernverbunds verwirklichen nicht den Tatbestand des § 12a Abs 3 MRG.     

WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

GC／MS分析焚尸案中助燃剂残留成分检验1例

在纵火、杀人等刑事案件中,经常会遇到附着在各种不同载体上的油类斑痕物证,要求鉴别油迹的组成。对助燃剂的检验,通常需要进行汽油、柴油、煤油的鉴定。本文主要介绍一起杀人焚尸案中柴油残留成分的检验方法。1实验部分1.1试剂乙醚等试剂均为分析纯;柴油样品为市售。1.2样品提     

公私领域划分与国际法中的性别歧视

国际法通过公私领域的划分确定其管辖范围,并避免干涉主权国家的内政。女性主义者指出,这种划分包含着对女性的规范性歧视和结构性歧视。国际法的基本术语如国家、主权等,排除了国际法对国内违反人权事项的管辖,维护了男性在国内的特权地位。在国际人权法领域,在确定是否给予女性以人权保护时,也是以维护男性利益为出发点。女性主义方法揭示了国际法中存在的性别歧视,但该方法也存在许多问题,需要加以注意。