NMDAR1在成人心脏中的分布及其法医学意义

目的 检测成人心脏中NMDAR1蛋白,观察其分布情况,并探讨法医学意义。方法以12例高坠死亡成人心脏为标本,提取左、右心室和心传导系统（窦房结、房室结、房室束及左右束支）组织作为实验组;取大脑额部组织作为阳性对照组。所取标本各两份,一份采用westernblot技术检测NMDAR1蛋白,另一份采用免疫组化染色法观察NMDAR1在成人心脏中的分布。结果两组中用westernblot均可检出NMDAR1蛋白表达,其强弱程度：脑组织最强,其次为窦房结和房室结,左右心室肌最弱;用免疫组化方法观察,结果在心脏传导系统可见NMDAR1阳性表达,而在心室肌中未见表达。结论成人心脏中存在NMDAR1,主要分布在心传导系统,NMDAR1可能在心脏电生理和病理生理中起作用。     

Vitreous Fluid and/or Urine Glucose Concentrations in 1335 Civil Aviation Accident Pilot Fatalities*

Abstract: During aviation accident investigations, vitreous fluid and urine samples from pilot fatalities are analyzed for glucose and blood for hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) to monitor diabetic pilots and to discover other pilots with undiagnosed/unreported diabetes. The prevalence of elevated glucose concentrations in fatally injured pilots was evaluated by searching the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s Toxicology Database for the period 1998–2005. Out of 1335 pilots involving 363 vitreous fluid, 365 urine, and 607 vitreous fluid and urine analyses, 43 pilots had elevated glucose in vitreous fluid (>125 mg/dL) and/or in urine (>100 mg/dL). Of the 20 pilots whose blood samples were analyzed, nine had >6% HbA_1c—four were known diabetics, and five were unknown diabetics. Urinary glucose levels were elevated in all 13 known hyperglycemic pilots. A considerable number of pilots (30 of 43) had elevated glucose and HbA_1c (5 of 20), suggesting undiagnosed/unreported diabetic conditions.     

人体皮肤创伤组织细胞因子表达的时间相关性

目的探讨TGF-β1、b—FGF和VEGF在人体皮肤创伤组织中的表达变化及其与损伤时间的关系。方法收集15例机械性致伤的人体皮肤组织(受伤5—120min内死亡),常规制作组织切片后进行免疫组化染色,并统计分析TGF-β1、b—FGF和VEGF因子的表达情况。结果 TGF-β1在16—50min组表达升高,60～120min组呈阳性至强阳性表达;b—FGF在16—50min组表达升高明显,强阳性表达亦出现在60～120min组;VEGF仅在60—120min组出现阳性表达。统计学分析表明,TGF—β1和b—FGF的表达升高分别在受伤60~120min(P<0.01)和在16—50min(P<0.01)有显著性意义,VEGF表达升高只在60~120min(P<0.05)有显著性意义。结论 TGF-β1、b—FGF和VEGF的表达时间和表达强度与损伤时间有关;TGF-β1、b—FGF和VEGF的表达可为人体短存活期损伤时间的推断提供参考。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫DF-1细胞培养体系的建立及应用

为了建立柔嫩艾美耳球虫的鸡胚成纤维传代细胞(DF-1)培养体系,并应用于柔嫩艾美耳球虫子孢子的细胞入侵活力检测,将CFDA-SE标记的子孢子接入DF-1细胞,利用流式细胞仪测定子孢子的细胞入侵活力。比较了37℃和41℃培养温度下,子孢子对DF-1、MDBK、Vero、BHK、MDCK五种细胞的入侵活力。优化了在子孢子入侵活力检测时,DF-1细胞最佳培养条件。结果表明,柔嫩艾美耳球虫子孢子在DF-1细胞中可发育为第一代裂殖子。在不同培养温度下,子孢子对DF-1细胞的入侵活力均高于其他细胞。优化后的DF-1细胞培养体系的培养程序为:用含100mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM稀释DF-1细胞,以每孔1×105个细胞铺被24孔板,37℃、50mL/L CO2培养24h后,用含50mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM换液后,每孔接入3×105个子孢子,41℃、50mL/L CO2培养8～12h,收集细胞进行检测。     

H1N1和H3N2亚型流感病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立同时能鉴别甲型H1N1和猪流感病毒常见亚型的新型基因芯片检测方法,根据GenBank中已发表的甲型流感病毒MP的基因序列和甲型H1N1(2009)和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型的基因序列,设计、筛选并合成7对特异性引物和1对通用引物;根据扩增的靶序列,设计并合成14条特异性探针和3条质控探针,制备了甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型基因芯片;并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验和田间样品的检测。结果显示,该芯片检测方法与猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)等猪常见病毒无交叉反应;对猪H1N1、猪H3N2和甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒而言,最低可检测到105、104和105稀释的病毒株。结果证实,该方法特异性强、敏感性高,是一种高通量的甲型H1N1和猪流感常见亚型筛查方法。     

浅谈文化差异与英语学习

语言是文化的载体 ,具有鲜明的民族性。不同的文化之间自然会呈现不同的文化形态。这种文化形态差异反映到语言层面上 ,则表现为语言差异。尤其是词语文化和话语文化 ,英语和汉语在解释具体内容时具有显著的差异。     

Abwehr von Eingriffen in das Mietrecht – zulässige Verfahrensart

Bei der Abgrenzung des streitigen vom au?erstreitigen Rechtsweg k?nnen nur konkrete bindende Absprachen über die in den §§ 8 und 9 MRG angeführten Rechte und Pflichten die Zul?ssigkeit des Rechtsweges ausl?sen. Enth?lt der Mietvertrag keine über das Gesetz hinausgehenden Regelungen, ist der Anspruch im au?erstreitigen Verfahren durchzusetzen. Zwar ist eine Behandlung der Klage als Antrag im Verfahren au?er Streitsachen nicht m?glich, wenn eine Gemeindeschlichtungsstelle besteht und daher vor der Anrufung der Gemeinde das au?erstreitige Verfahren vor Gericht unzul?ssig ist. Wies aber die Gemeindeschlichtungsstelle den entsprechenden Antrag ab und erhob die Partei binnen 4 Wochen Klage, ist die Umdeutung zul?ssig.     

Governmental Mismanagement and Symbolic Violence: Discourses on Corruption in the Yucatán of the 1990s1

Abstract — Departing from a conceptualisation of corruption as a form of symbolic violence, this article analyses the character and impact of the discourses about corruption which were produced in Yucatán in the beginning of the 1990s. The discourses produced by official and oppositional forces are scrutinised against the background of the federal government's neoliberal policies and the sociopolitical situation in the region during 1992 and 1993. The analysis gives some insights into the character of Mexican's and Yucatecan's experiences with corruption in their own setting. It explores some of the conflictual processes involved when social forces turn this form of symbolic violence into the object of moral critique in public discourses, drawing in this way also attention to how the state is imagined by those who exercise state power and those who are subject to it.     

浅析共同贪污犯罪数额的计算

贪污犯罪数额的大小,是惩治贪污犯罪的主要依据。在共同犯罪中,犯罪行为人贪污数额的认定相当复杂,既有共同贪污的数额,又有各人分赃所得的数额,还有因贪污的停止形态而未实际获取财产等情形。关于共同贪污犯罪行为人数额的认定,理论界存在着“分赃数额说”、“参与数额说”和“犯罪总额说”等不同的学说。笔者更倾向于“犯罪总额说”。     

Optimization of DNA extraction from low-yield and degraded samples using the BioRobot EZ1 and BioRobot M48

Robotic extraction of DNA from dilutions of blood and semen using either the BioRobots EZ1 or BioRobots M48 consistently produced lower recoveries than standard organic extractions of the same samples. In an effort to increase the efficiency of robotically extracted DNA, glycogen and carrier RNA were added following cell lysis. The addition of glycogen, postlysis, resulted in no improvement in DNA recovery with the BioRobot EZ1. However, when carrier RNA was added to the cell lysate of limited and degraded samples extracted on the EZ1 or the M48, DNA recoveries dramatically increased four- to 20-fold. DNA yields obtained by robotic extraction in the presence of carrier RNA were as high, or higher, as those obtained by organic extraction lacking carrier RNA, while experiments that utilized carrier RNA in both types of extractions showed increased sensitivity for both methods. Furthermore, carrier RNA substantially increased the recovery of fragmented DNA with the EZ1.