我国毒驾规制的行政法反思

毒驾问题是继醉驾问题后又一个公共话题。未经由行政法规制而将毒驾直接入刑的做法是与现代刑法谦抑主义相悖的,而且我国毒驾规制采用的是事先性禁止驾驶的行政规制手段,这种"以权利换管理"的规制模式直接违反我国《禁毒法》相应规定,并且对毒驾问题采用行政事先审查办法予以解决,这既不符合行政许可的一般法理,也不符合实践的发展需要。因此,毒驾规制的重心应当实现从行政事先强制性禁止向事后的行政严惩转变。     

浅谈港澳台和海外统战工作的整体化推进

港澳台和海外统战工作是国家统一战线工作中的重要组成部分,是国家统一战线工作大系统中的四个重要子系统。整体化推进港澳台和海外统战工作,可以实现港澳台和海外统战工作效果最大化。应树立港澳台和海外统战工作的全局整体化推进理念,加强国家各级统战工作部门及港澳台和海外统战工作的整体化建构。     

Generational discourse in urban youth images

The history of generations is often researched in the light of ego-documents, including diaries or letters. These sources of communication between young and old require methods of literary criticism, as this article suggests in exemplary cases. Popular (and in some cases popular forms of learned) literature show how stereotypes dominated letters between Nuremberg fathers and sons fom the 16th century. Reading these letters as witnesses of direct emotional expression, as has been done so far, would be problematic on a theoretical level of the concept of autobiography (according the Ricoeur ‘an other’ of the self), but also an empirical level. Letters were cultural artefacts that were considered well-formed only when they met the standards set by the urban youth image. This included a conglomerate of religious discourses, psychological assumption about the nature of emotions, the urban system of values and honour relating to merchant education more specifically. In letters of this intergenerational context, even information could be put into the context of a situational self-representation of the person writing. Writing a letter as an apprentice or a student was not at all confined to convey factual information. Rather than that, writing letters meant to participate in the generation of norms and to act on a meta-level of communication, as well. Negative images of youth were rhetorically implemented in letters to maintain and reaffirm the hierarchy within the family. Letter exchanges secured economic stability of family firms and the subsequent social rise.     

Household-level predictors of the presence of servants in Northern Orkney,Scotland, 1851–1901

Servants were an important part of the northwestern European household economy in the preindustrial past. This study examines household-level characteristics that are predictive of the presence of rural servants using data from Orkney, Scotland. The number of servants present in a household is related to household composition, landholding size, and the marital status of the household head. In addition, the sex of the particular servant hired reveals that the labor of male and female servants is not fungible. The sex of the servant hired is related to the ratio of male and female household members of working age, the occupation of the head, household composition, and the size of the household's landholding.     

Growing up on Different Sides of the Wall – A Quasi-Experimental Test: Applying the Left–Right Dimension to the German Mass Public

This paper utilises survey data from the 1999 European Value Study to conduct a quasi-experimental analysis of the relationship between the left–right self-identification and policy preferences of Germany's electorate. Given the German division until 1990 it is plausible that citizens from East and West Germany had different ideological socialisation experiences swayed by the political discourse of their times. This paper models the influence of this diverse experience on ideological thinking, and examines the effects on the understanding of political issues. The findings suggest that differences do exist in the ideological consistency and attitude structuring of respondents. Compared to respondents in the West, East Germans are more likely to understand the term ‘left’ in socio-economic terms. On the other hand, they seem to connect the term ‘right’ rather to xenophobic issues. These results have crucial implications for political communication in representative democracies, as they question the one-level dimensionality of the left–right concept.     

Party Competition and Reforms of Unemployment Benefits in Germany: How a Small Change in Electoral Demand Can Make a Big Difference

This article shows how party competition has influenced reforms of unemployment benefits in Germany. The existing literature on German labour market policy emphasises institutional factors and predicts policy stability. Consequently, the recent fundamental reforms (‘Hartz reforms’) pose a challenge to previous research. By looking at the spatial configuration of the party system and at policy demand, this article argues that the incremental retrenchments of the 1980s and 1990s were conditioned by centripetal competition and a high degree of welfare consensus, whereas the more radical Hartz reforms were made possible by a limited shift in public opinion in favour of restructuring and the lack of a left-wing counterweight in the party system. Thus, the structure of the party system exacerbated the effect of a demand shift that was only moderate. The analysis is not meant to discard other explanatory factors, rather it intends to demonstrate the relevance of party competition to the study of labour market reforms in Germany and, more generally, to comparative welfare state research.     

试论闽西苏区青少年思想政治工作的历史经验

青少年是推动社会前进的最活跃力量。在苏区时期,闽西苏区党、政府注重发挥青少年在革命中的作用,将青少年的思想政治工作作为党的重要工作来抓,各县的少先队、儿童团在党团组织领导下,围绕党的中心工作,立足当时实际,扎实有效地开展思想政治工作,支援了革命战争,促进了苏区革命根据地建设。总结闽西苏区青少年思想政治工作的宝贵历史经验,对于做好当前青少年工作有着重要的借鉴作用。     

国内外碳足迹研究进展述评

在全球气候变化的宏观语境下,“碳足迹”成为公共生活领域中的一个热门术语.然而,学术界对碳足迹的概念内涵、测算方法、衡量单位及适用范围等的理解尚未形成统一意见.本文首先对国内外学术界关于碳足迹的概念内涵进行梳理和述评,从终端消费和全生命周期两个方面界定碳足迹,以此与“生态足迹”、“碳排放”等术语相区别;其次,从产品、家庭、企业及类似组织、城市和区域、国家和地区等不同尺度对碳足迹的研究进行综述,比较了碳足迹测度的不同方法和标准,发现“自下而上”的生命周期评价和“自上而下”的投入产出分析方法适用于不同的研究尺度;最后,对进一步的研究方向做了展望,指出应尽快明确碳足迹的概念内涵,避免泛化和滥用,并尝试构建一种综合性的碳足迹测度方法.     

党的十九届六中全会决议中的法治要义

十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》是党关于历史问题的第三个专门性决议。该《决议》全面总结了新中国成立以后社会主义革命和建设的历史经验,对一些重大历史事件和重要历史人物作出了实事求是的评价。该《决议》对我们党尊重法律、遵守法律、依靠法律和捍卫法律的百年奋斗历史作了全面系统的概括和总结,对党依法执政的历史成就和重要经验进行了系统性地归纳,为中国特色社会主义法治建设指明了继续前进的方向。该《决议》关于我们党依法办事、依法执政重大成就和历史经验的全面系统归纳和总结是通过决议文本中的139个“法”字以及由“法”构成的词组来科学地加以表述的。对十九届六中全会通过的《决议》中的“法”字进行系统性的归纳和总结,可以提炼出十九届六中全会决议中的法治要义,全面和系统地呈现中国共产党依法执政、依法治国、依法办事的百年奋斗的历史脉络。     

行政学本土化：历史、生态和哲学的途径

行政学本土化是中国行政学发展的必由之路和社会发展的必然要求，不仅是行政学自身学科体系建设的需要，而且是中国历史转型时期社会发展的要求。从行政学历史发展、行政学生态分析、行政学哲学思考等三种途径建构行政学本土化的理论平台、切入点、突破口，将有助于中国行政学本土化的进程。