Denying Foreign State Immunity on the Grounds of the Unavailability of Alternative Means

Granting immunity from suit to a foreign state or an international organisation, deprives the plaintiff of access to court and appears incompatible with the rule of law. Since the European Court of Human Rights judgment in Waite v Germany (1999), the availability of alternative means for dispute settlement has been emphasised in the context of international organisation immunity. However in the case of foreign state immunity, this approach was not taken by the European Court of Human Rights in Al-Adsani v United Kingdom (2001) nor by the House of Lords in Jones v Ministry of the Interior of Saudi Arabia (2006). Likewise, foreign state immunity would be granted under the UN State Immunity Convention of 2004, regardless of whether there are alternative means. This Convention, rather than enhancing the rule of law, could lead to its attenuation. That several of these cases involve immunity in cases of torture sharpens their sensitivity.     

从美国启动201条款谈保障措施制度

美国于 2 0 0 2年 3月启动 2 0 1条款 ,对进口钢铁采取保障措施。包括中国、欧盟、日本等国及利益方在内的各国对此均作出了反应 ,各有关国纷纷要求与美国磋商 ,并向世贸组织申诉 ,有些国家还拉出了报复清单。此案是中国加入世贸组织后第一次利用世贸规则来解决贸易争端 ,具有重要的意义。     

我国污点证人制度之构建

污点证人制度在许多国家和地区都被很成功地运用,在司法实践中起到了重要作用。我国已签署《联合国反腐败公约》,因此,有必要在此框架下构建适合我国司法环境的污点证人制度。     

Stolen Art Restitution Claims and the Exhaustion of Local Remedies: How Foreign-Based Plaintiffs are Able to Succeed Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act

Stolen art restitution claims under the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act (“FSIA”) present unique procedural issues that implicate the history, purpose, and objectives of the FSIA. At the forefront of these issues are how foreign-based plaintiffs are able to bring suits against foreign governments or foreign citizens in US Federal Courts. Whether these foreign-based plaintiffs must exhaust local remedies in their country of origin is another issue that these kinds of suits typically have courts resolve. This article provides answers to these issues through a historical discussion of the implementation of the FSIA and an analysis of recent case law.     

灵杏咳喘胶囊抗炎免疫作用的实验研究

目的:研究灵杏咳喘胶囊的抗炎免疫作用.方法:采用二甲苯诱发小鼠耳廓肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽增生法观察灵杏咳喘胶囊的抗炎作用,测定小鼠脏器系数、溶血素抗体水平,观察迟发型变态应.结果:灵杏咳喘胶囊可显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓的肿胀度及大鼠的棉球肉芽肿增生;明显增加小鼠脾脏质量、溶血素抗体水平,并能改善醋酸泼尼松龙致免疫功能低下,使脾脏质量、血清溶血素水平有所回升;能增强迟发型变态反应,使两脚掌厚度差明显增加.结论:灵杏咳喘胶囊具有明显的抗炎作用,可增强小鼠机体的非特异性免疫、特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫的功能.     

论不起诉制

不起诉制度是我国刑事诉讼法中设立的一项重要的法律制度.它的内容应当包括不起诉的类别、条件、程序、救济和结果等诸方面问题的总和.健全合理的不起诉制度必须做到分类明确、条件设置科学、救济途径顺达.     

STUDY ON MECHANISM OF MOXIBUSTION DELAYING AGING

目的：探讨艾灸延缓衰老的作用机理。方法：应用老龄小鼠模型,采用放免和生化等实验技术,观察灸治“肾俞”穴对其自由基代谢、免疫功能和单胺类神经递质的影响。结果：艾灸能提高老龄小鼠血清和肝组织中的ＳＯＤ 活性、降低ＭＤＡ 水平,改善自由基代谢;能提高胸腺指数、增强脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和免疫功能;提高脑内５ ＨＴ、５ ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ 的含量,调整神经递质水平。上述指标中,艾灸组测值均高于老龄组,差异显著（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：艾灸有延缓衰老的作用,其作用机理与抗氧化、提高免疫力及改善神经内分泌等密切相关。     

浅析国家豁免的几个问题

国家豁免泛指一国的行为和财产不受另一国的立法、司法和行政等方面的管辖。国家豁免是一项国际法原则,主权平等理论是其主要法律依据。国家豁免的主体包括国家及其政府机关、联邦国家的组成单位、国家政治区分单位、国家机构或部门和其他实体、国家代表。关于国家豁免范围,许多国家先后抛弃了绝对豁免的主张,转向限制国家豁免的立场。     

DNA数据库比对技术在刑事侦查中运用的合宪性问题

DNA数据库比对技术实质上是基因检测技术和大数据处理技术相结合的产物。DNA数据库比对技术可以精确锁定犯罪嫌疑人,由于其强大的证明能力而被广泛地运用于刑事侦查,各国都积极推动DNA数据库的建立。DNA数据库比对技术在维护了社会安全的同时也对公民基因隐私构成极大威胁。如何在技术的运用和隐私权保障之间做出更好的平衡,是DNA比对技术的合宪性争议的中心。廓清了合宪性问题,我们才可以更好地制定相关法律,消弭合宪性问题,在保障公民隐私权的同时也更好地维护社会安全。     

Crimes Against Humanity in Colombia: The International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction Over the May 2003 Attack on the Betoyes Guahibo Indigenous Reserve and Colombian Accountability

The Colombian military and the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) have committed systematic attacks against the Colombian people that violate international law. One such heinous incident took place in May 2003 at the Betoyes Guahibo indigenous reserve in Colombia. Unlike other acts of terror, the attack at the Reserve is well documented. Because of this, the attack on the Reserve is an excellent case for International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecution. This article exposes acts of cruelty and makes a persuasive moral case for ICC prosecution. The ICC has jurisdiction over the attack on the Betoyes people by the AUC and Colombian military. The article further discusses the potential legal exposure of the Colombian government, individual Colombians and US individuals through its military support and training of the Colombian military.