DELINQUENCY AND GENDER MODERATION IN THE MOVING TO OPPORTUNITY INTERVENTION: THE ROLE OF EXTENDED NEIGHBORHOODS

A long history of research has indicated that neighborhood poverty increases youth's risk taking and delinquency. This literature predominantly has treated neighborhoods as independent of their surroundings despite rapidly growing ecological evidence on the geographic clustering of crime that suggests otherwise. This study proposes that to understand neighborhood effects, investigating youth's wider surroundings holds theoretical and empirical value. By revisiting longitudinal data on more than 1500 low‐income youth who participated in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized intervention, this article explores the importance of extended neighborhoods (neighborhoods and surroundings) and different concentrated disadvantage configurations in shaping gender differences in risk taking and delinquency. The results from two‐stage, least‐squares analyses suggest that the extended neighborhoods matter and they matter differently by gender. Among girls, extended neighborhoods without concentrated disadvantage were associated with lower risk‐taking prevalence than extended neighborhoods with concentrated disadvantage. In contrast, among boys, localized concentration of disadvantage was associated with the highest prevalence of risk taking and delinquency. Interactions between the immediate and surrounding neighborhoods were similarly associated with differential opportunity and social disorganization mediators. Among the more critical potential mediators of the link between localized disadvantage and boys’ risk taking were delinquent network ties, strain, and perceived absence of legitimate opportunities for success.     

工业4.0背景下德国应对3D打印技术的法政策学分析——兼论我国对3D打印技术的法政策路径选择

3D打印技术作为工业4.0中实现"智能生产"和"智能工厂"的方式,是促进我国制造业转型的重要路径。通过对德国政府应对3D打印技术发展所制订的科技政策和法律政策的分析,欲促进我国3D打印技术快速发展,提升我国3D打印产业的国际竞争力,首先,应通过制定和完善与3D打印有关的科技政策,引导科研资源和资本向3D打印产业分流;其次,应通过对现行相关法律的解释、归纳和演绎,寻求应对3D打印技术发展的法律适用的空间;此外,在政策的制定与法律适用的过程中,需要选择符合我国国情的3D打印技术保护标准和创新发展之路径。     

A Poverty of Imagination: Blaming the Poor for Inequality

Inequality in Britain today is now so deep that the top 10 per cent own 100 times more than the bottom 10 per cent, yet there is remarkably little public concern or anger about poverty. Indeed, compassion and concern for the poorest in society has actually declined in recent years due to the continued, and even increased, prevalence of the view that poverty is largely caused by laziness and lack of willpower, or is simply an unavoidable fact of modern life. Either way, many people tacitly accept that ‘the poor will always be with us’. Moreover, much of the British public believes that there are sufficient opportunities to succeed for those who try hard enough, and also that it is the middle class which actually struggles the most, economically or financially. These assumptions are highly conservative in their ideological and political implications because they limit public support for egalitarianism and extensive wealth redistribution from rich to poor.     

试验区三大主题之一“开发扶贫”再认识

经过20多年的艰苦努力,毕节试验区牢牢把握开发扶贫、生态建设、人口控制三大主题,走出了一条在贫困地区实现经济、社会与人口、资源、环境协调发展的新路子。针对三大主题之一的‘开发扶贫’,探讨其内涵、实践探索及建议。     

城市弱势群体贫困的政策分析

城市弱势群体的贫困问题在世界各国都是普遍存在的。如由于农村人口涌入城市形成贫民窟、因为经济不景气导致大量失业等等。但我国城市贫困的形成原因却有所不同,我国城市贫困问题的主要原因是社会转型时期政策失误。具体表现为相关政策的缺位以及已有政策中存在的诸多不合理。     

高校贫困生人际交往障碍的个案研究

受经济贫困的影响,许多高校贫困生出现了比较严重的人际交往障碍,这主要是由于缺乏良好的心理品质和能力,产生认知障碍、心理障碍和能力障碍造成的.在解决高校贫困生人际交往障碍的过程中还存在诸多问题与不足.我们应构建主体多元化的社会支持网络.设置专门机构,采取社会工作专业方法,开展有针对性的活动.     

新时期扶贫与发展的几点思考

２０世纪末,中国的扶贫工作取得了卓越成效。当进入２１世纪时,中国所剩贫困人口主要集中在西部少数民族地区,仍面临着许多问题,扶贫与脱贫工作还很艰难,各有关部门千万不能松懈,还要积极进行研究,探索新时期解决贫困的新措施、新方法。     

标准的知识产权管理策略刍议

随着高新技术的快速发展,标准的知识产权逐渐引起人们的关注.本文介绍了国外主要标准组织的标准知识产权管理策略,从权属的角度标准划分其标准的知识产权管理类型,并且分析了标准与知识产权的关系,提出我国国家标准的知识产权管理策略的构想.     

权利质权？抑或权利抵押权？——论知识产权设定担保的体例选择

传统担保物权原则上以有体物为其标的,但也不排斥将权利纳入其视野.文章首先介绍了权利担保物权的一般理论,接着通过分析登记和移转占有两个因素在知识产权质押中的适用,认为现今大陆法系各国认为在知识产权上设定质押的方式值得商榷,理论上应以抵押的方式代之.     

“盗版有理”观念的制度探寻

利益于相关主体之敏感性决定着以利益平衡为使命的知识产权在制度上存在着授权与限权之两难。平衡是一种信念,一种理想,一种追求,绝对的利益平衡是不可能实现的,正是这条由现实通往理想,由实然走向应然的探求之路使得知识产权制度备受争议,难以在短时间内获得与有形财产制度一致的认同。