警察主观幸福感的社会支持分析

警察主观幸福感与社会支持密切相关。针对警察主观幸福感的现状,要构建外部支持系统、内部支持系统和自我支持系统,强化警察主观幸福感,提高公安民警的心理健康水平。     

《海上交通安全法》修改中对国家海洋权益的考量

《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》实施至今,中国海上交通管理体制和模式已经发生了很大变化,随着国家＂海洋强国＂战略的实施和海上交通安全管理理念的转变,《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》面临着修改的迫切需要。面对中国与周边国家海上权益及争端日趋激烈的形势,在探讨海洋强国战略下海上交通安全新内涵及《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》维护国家海洋权益的基础后,分析指出《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》在维护海洋权益上存在的问题,建议《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》在制度上设置方面,建立管辖海域巡航制度、完善港口国监督制度、明晰无害通过和紧追制度、确立中国籍船舶的域外管辖制度、明确部门协作制度,以期更有力地维护国家海洋权益。     

看守所实施新刑事诉讼法实证研究报告

对五个省看守所的调研发现,总体上看守所实施刑事诉讼法的相关文本规定取得了良好的效果,修改后刑事诉讼法赋予看守所相应的职责,比如保障律师会见权、讯问在看守所内进行、对三个月以下的短刑犯执行刑罚等直接与看守所相关的条款,都得到了严格的遵循与适用.另一方面从更为宏观的角度上来看,看守所实施新刑事诉讼法的现有成效只是良好的开端,许多间接相关的条款,比如保障民事权利、法律援助等,甚至是看起来与看守所执法无关的条款,比如录音录像、非法取证的固定取证等,都有必要继续研究,拓展看守所的相关功能,创造条件予以适用,真正、完整地贯彻刑事诉讼法的立法精神与文本规定.     

Beyond the census. Reconstructing Dutch women's labour market participation in agriculture in the Netherlands,ca. 1830–1910

Many historians have pointed out for various countries that nineteenth-century national censuses do not accurately reflect women's economic activity. This was no different for the Dutch national censuses. In this article, we argue that under-recording was especially severe in agriculture, and that this problem increased towards the end of the century. The rise in under-recording was partly due to an increased irregularity of women's work on farms, but it also reflected changing living standards and ideologies, in which work was increasingly defined as undesirable for women. In relative terms, agriculture did become less important to men and women alike because of mechanization and industrialization. Nevertheless, agriculture continued to employ many women, especially married women and daughters working on their husbands' and fathers' farms. By offering additional source material and methods for estimating women's labour force participation in agriculture on a regional level, such as relating their occupational status to their husbands', and estimating the number of days worked, we aim to offer an enhanced methodology for gauging the work of women in agriculture, which may be applied to future research.     

A study of the use of sedative PRN medication in patients at a secure hospital

We have investigated the use of ‘as required’ (PRN), sedative psychotropic medication in 242 forensic rehabilitation patients at a UK secure psychiatric hospital. In total, 176 (73%) patients were prescribed PRN medication and 90 (37%) received a total of 542 doses in the preceding two weeks. The principle indication for use was agitation. Oral benzodiazepines, particularly Lorazepam, were most commonly prescribed and administered followed by Haloperidol. Although high-dose antipsychotics and polypharmacy due to PRN prescribing were common (11 and 20%, respectively), on only 6% of the days studied did patients actually receive PRN antipsychotic medication. Using univariate analyses, PRN administration was associated with younger age, female gender, emotionally unstable personality disorder, shorter length of stay and detention in medium security. Case note documentation of PRN administration was often absent (44%) or vague. Further research, both quantitative and qualitative, is needed into the precise circumstances under which PRN is administered.     

Obscuring sexual crime: examining media representations of sexual violence in Megan’s law

Sexual violence remains a pervasive and persistent social problem. In 1996, Congress enacted Megan’s Law, dictating mandatory community notification and potential civil commitment for those deemed by the State to be dangerous sexual offenders. In 2013, Megan’s Law continues to influence the treatment of sexual offenders under law and the social construction of a highly publicized, yet statistically rare, sexual crime – the rape and murder of a young female child by a depraved male stranger. This influence highlights the extent to which this personalized crime bill shapes the social construction of sexual violence in terms of sex and gender systems. This paper examines how sex and gender shape media discourses of the sexual offender and victim that are mobilized in the legislative debate on Megan’s Law. Drawing on theoretical ideas from cultural studies and feminist legal scholarship, we employ discourse analysis to analyze the legislative debate on Megan’s Law. We find that high-profile media images of sex offenders and victims are relied on to construct a singular image of sexual violence, whereby a child is victimized by an adult sexual predator. These images draw on traditional, conservative notions of gender and sexuality.     

日本法上的劳动者人格保护—以劳动者健康隐私为中心

劳动者人格保护是现代劳动法上的重要内容。从以恢复劳动者之对等人格的集体劳动法律发展伊始,劳动者如何获得法律上"人"之对待,是促使劳动法发展演进的动力来源之一。我国劳动法上的劳动者人格研究甚少,基本停滞于"劳动者尊严"的保护原则宣誓上,其中,劳动者的健康隐私,在近年社会运动过程中获得了反歧视法上的保护。然而,无论是何种劳动者隐私,均属于劳动者人格权的范围,应当从劳动者人格权保护上予以正视。以日本劳动者人格保护中的健康隐私保护为例,其在实体法和判例法上的经验,可为我国劳动者人格保护问题的研究深入提供借鉴。     

著作权合同中作者权益保护的规则取舍与续造

著作权合同规则和集体协商所需中介组织的双重缺失,导致我国作者在著作权合同领域面临诸多不公平待遇时处于无法可依的境地。比较法上作者权益保护的制度安排,又因不同国家相关产业力量对比差异而有不同路径。在缺乏本土基本规则支撑的情况下,更符合我国产业特点的解决路径,一方面是根据比较法经验来重新校准作者权益的保护范畴,避免以事后规则直接保障作者收益,通过事前规则增助作者的自治能力;另一方面是运用法教义学的方法从著作权法合同章和民法典合同编两个领域完成对作者权益保护的解释学续造。应将著作权法合同章中规定的许可或转让的权利种类作为合同成立的“必要之点”,要求合同条款明确列举每项权利的使用范围、目的、期限和版税标准。应在区分无偿和有偿的著作权专有许可合同的基础上,类推适用民法典合同编中合同终止的一般规则和相关有名合同终止权来完成对作者利益保护规则的续造。     

战后日本国家战略演进及岸田内阁战略走向

二战后日本不得不放弃武力扩张的国家战略,但伴随形势变化,日本不同当政者的治国方略则不相同。围绕是维护宪法、优先发展经济、重视国际协调,还是修改宪法、增强军事力量、成为政治军事大国等,存在两种不同国家战略倾向。其背后则是两种不同的历史观。战后,日本在《日本国宪法》下走和平发展道路,经济、科技取得令世界瞩目的成就,但外交则受制于美国而缺乏自主性。日本成为经济大国后,开始借助美国,努力成为亚洲领导国家和联合国常任理事国,而非所谓摆脱美国的"正常国家"。21世纪以来,安倍晋三的国家战略目标是对内推动修宪,使日本成为"能战国家";对外构筑"自由开放的印太",制衡中国。菅义伟内阁继承了安倍的国家战略。岸田文雄执政后在延续同一国家战略的同时,会展现何种特色,值得关注。     

股东出资义务的请求权主体研究——兼评《民法典》合伙合同、利他合同条款

确定股东出资义务的请求权主体存在请求权基础、公司法自创规则两条路径。前者有奠基性意义,在该路径下,应厘清出资义务的约定基础、法定基础,注重债法与公司法并用的系统思维。本源性的出资义务是约定的,表现为股东协议、公司章程,其区别于法定产生的出资义务衍生体。股东协议是组织性合同,依《中华人民共和国民法典》合伙合同、利他合同条款,出资义务请求权人应包括公司、其他股东,但公司法特殊价值会对出资义务抗辩权等产生抑制作用。章程性质依内容不同具有可分性,其出资条款应界定为组织性合同,请求权主体也包括公司、其他股东。其他股东对出资义务请求有独立利益,组织法不应排除其出资义务请求权。债权人取得出资义务请求权是法定的,须符合法定构成要件。公司法修订时,应明确公司、其他股东的出资义务请求权源于股东协议、公司章程。