Resilience in Sexually Abused Women: Risk and Protective Factors

The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of family characteristics (family conflict and cohesion) and abuse characteristics (age at which abuse occurred, abuse severity, and relationship to perpetrator) to resilience (self-acceptance, ability to engage in positive relationships with others, and environmental mastery) in a sample of one hundred and 77 university women who had experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The respondents completed a questionnaire that focused on childhood experiences including family environment in childhood, characteristics of the abuse they had experienced in addition to degree of current resilience defined as their level of well-being (self-acceptance, ability to engage in positive relationships with others, and environmental mastery). The results indicated that family characteristics accounted for 13–22% of the variance in the well-being outcomes. In contrast, abuse characteristics accounted for 3% or less of the variance in the well-being outcomes. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.     

The Lost Army

正Stone armor excavated from the tomb of China’s first emperor The Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang(259-210 B.C.),the location of the famous Terracotta Warriors,is regarded as the largest and most complicated underground tomb in the world.At the time of its construction,Qin’s tomb was unprecedented in its     

论遗失物的所有权归属——评《物权法》第107条与第113条

《物权法》对拾得遗失物问题进行了规范,并在其第113条和第107条分别规定了遗失物未被转让时和已被转让时两种情况下的所有权归属。《物权法》第113条没有规定拾得人一定条件下取得遗失物所有权,十分遗憾。《物权法》第107条在规范遗失物已被转让时采"例外承认主义",殊值赞同;但没有规定有偿回复中的公共市场、盗赃物的善意取得、无记名有价证券与货币。另外,《物权法》第113条的位置也值得商榷。     

对侵占罪犯罪对象的一点思考

侵占罪是以不法取得不属于占有者所有的他人财物为内容的犯罪。我国刑法虽然明文规定侵占罪的犯罪对象为代为保管的他人财物、他人的遗忘物及埋藏物,但是在刑法理论界和司法实务界,针对这三类犯罪对象的内涵与外延问题一直存在较大的分歧,尤其是对涉及民法领域的不当得利、无因管理、遗失物是否可能成为侵占罪的犯罪对象等问题分歧很大。     

老鹳草软膏联合丁酸氢化可的松乳膏序贯疗法治疗儿童期特应性皮炎临床观察

目的 观察老鹳草软膏联合丁酸氢化可的松乳膏序贯疗法治疗儿童期特应性皮炎的临床疗效。方法 选取96例儿童期特应性皮炎患儿作为研究对象,用随机数字表法将患儿分为治疗组、对照A组和对照B组,每组32例。因无法复诊脱落3例,外用老鹳草软膏局部皮肤过敏脱落2例,因发生其他疾病中止治疗1例,最终完成研究并纳入分析90例,每组30例。3组患儿均给予地氯雷他定糖浆口服,其中治疗组序贯外用老鹳草软膏联合丁酸氢化可的松乳膏;对照A组外涂丁酸氢化可的松乳膏,每日2次;对照B组每日外涂1次老鹳草软膏。采用特应性皮炎评分（scoring atopic dermatitis,SCORAD）评估皮损严重程度、瘙痒程度和影响睡眠指数,8周后随访复发率情况,并记录患者不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗2、4周后,3组SCORAD逐渐降低,后一治疗时点SCORAD均显著低于前一时点（P＜0.05）。治疗2周后,治疗组SCORAD显著低于对照B组（P＜0.05）。治疗4周后,治疗组SCORAD显著低于对照A组和对照B组（P＜0.05）。治疗组基于SCORAD的临床疗效显著优于对照A组和对照B组（P<0.05）。3组患者不良反应发生率和复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 老鹳草软膏联合丁酸氢化可的松乳膏序贯疗法治疗儿童期特应性皮炎可降低患者的皮损程度,改善症状,安全性较好。     

对我国“失物归还”制度的若干思考

我国民法对于遗失物采取不能取得所有权主义,同时行政法对失物招领公司不认可,加之行政机关日常监管的缺位,导致我国＂失物归还＂领域的法律制度不够健全和完善。建议通过制定行政法规、规章的方式,健全＂失物归还＂法律体系,使之与民法、行政法相衔接,更好地指导警务实践。     

New guidance/old problems: recent developments in sex education

Sex education is a controversial area of public policy and over the last 20 years it has also been highly politicized. The election of the Labour government in 1997 raised the hopes of children's rights and health campaigners for a move away from the traditional moralistic approach adopted by the previous administration in favour of a more progressive and pragmatic approach. To date the government has attempted, unsuccessfully, to repeal Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988, has amended the statutory framework for sex education in the Learning and Skills Act 2000 and in July 2000 issued new guidance on sex and relationship education. This article examines how these recent developments attempt to reconcile parental and local control with the need for a more uniform provision and how they attempt to pragmatically acknowledge the sexual activity of young people and at the same time deny young people autonomy and uphold the norm of children as ideally non-sexual.     

Childhood Behavior and Adult Criminality: Cluster Analysis in a Prospective Study of African Americans

Adult criminality has important roots in childhood. While many studies have established that multiple problem behaviors in childhood increase the likelihood of future crime and deviance, the current study extends this “established” relationship by asking three questions: (1) Do different combinations of childhood behavioral risk factors affect adult offending? (2) Do family risk factors affect adult offending above and beyond these combinations of risks?, and (3) Are there gender differences present with respect to these two questions? Gender-specific cluster analyses identified seven clusters of childhood behavioral patterns based on teacher ratings measured in first grade among an epidemiologically-defined cohort of African Americans. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship of cluster membership, family risks, and criminal arrests through age 32 for serious violent and property crimes. While some gender differences emerged, both males and females in the multiple problem cluster were more likely to have later arrests for serious crime. Females who were frequently punished as first graders were most likely to have later arrests for serious crimes, while males who were from mother-only families were at higher risk of having serious criminal arrests compared to those from mother–father families. Implications for prevention and intervention strategies are also discussed.     

Comparing the developmental and behavioural characteristics of female and male juveniles who present with sexually abusive behaviour

Abstract

Relatively few studies have compared female and male juveniles who sexually abuse. These studies have reported that while female juveniles with sexually abusive behaviour are more likely to have experienced childhood sexual abuse, they display similar patterns of abusive behaviour. However, to date these findings have not been replicated in a UK sample. The current study compared 22 female and 254 male juveniles, referred to a UK specialist community forensic service, in relation to family environment, maltreatment experience, psychiatric diagnoses and perpetrated abusive behaviour. Consistent with previous studies perpetrated behaviour was similar across genders, but females were significantly more likely to have been sexually victimized as children, at a younger age and by a greater number of abusers. In addition, they were more likely to have been exposed to inadequate sexual boundaries at home. These findings suggest that females and males may follow different pathways to sexually abusive behaviour.