大学生志愿服务发展历程、价值意蕴与发展趋向

大学生志愿服务体现了特殊的历史发展背景,蕴含着重要的现实教育价值,已经成为新时代人才培养的重要育人载体和抓手。志愿服务帮助大学生涵养家国情怀、培养奋斗精神、深化理论知识、锻炼实践能力、促进社会化发展。正确认识和准确把握大学生志愿服务专业化、品牌化、全员化、常态化发展趋向,有助于进一步提升这项工作的科学化水平。     

历史虚无主义思潮对大学生的影响及对策

历史虚无主义思潮在某些大学生中间沉渣泛起,其对历史的歪曲、对历史人物的滥评、对中国主流意识形态的否定对大学生的理想信念、历史观、道德认知、民族情感都造成了不利的影响,对此我们要保持高度的警惕并及时采取有效措施来努力消除其不利影响,在此基础上我们要进一步探讨大学生如何有效应对历史虚无主义思潮。     

“Being a topic expert is not sufficient”: a mixed-method analysis of teaching dynamics at the Tasmania police academy

ABSTRACT

In unpacking the results of an in-depth longitudinal program evaluation, and in light of literature on police education, we analyse the various elements that contribute to the dynamic delivery of teaching in a police academy. A mixed-method analysis of 5 years of student evaluations enriched with the views of police education managers, coordinators, and educators provides an overview of the circumstances in which educators teach police recruits, the dynamics which unfold when teaching police, and the necessary characteristics for educators when addressing a police audience. This analysis positions the Tasmanian model of police education as an interesting case study in the midst of relatively critical literature about police education, and even more cautious studies on higher education partnerships in policing.     

当代大学生文化观念的现状与思考

大学生树立正确的文化观念，是推动中华文化大发展、实现民族伟大复兴的需要。处于全球化时代与改革开放深化时期，我国大学生文化观念经历着震荡与碰撞，承受着困惑与撕裂、领悟着交融与整合。修正、完善并提升大学生的文化观念，以文明健康、积极向上的文化观武装自身和引领行动，既传承中华民族的优秀文化，又善于汲取世界各民族的文化精华，为中华民族的伟大复兴提供思想力量。     

Subsidized housing and neighborhood racial transition: An empirical investigation

Abstract

Popular wisdom has it that the development of project‐based assisted housing will cause whites to flee or avoid the surrounding neighborhood, leading to rapid racial transition. This article examines the question of whether the development of several types of project‐based, federally assisted housing had an impact on neighborhood racial transition during the 1980s. In general, the development of assisted housing in a neighborhood did not lead to racial transition, nor did it approach levels suggesting “white flight” in the few instances where racial transition did occur.

The results of our analysis suggest that one of the major criticisms of project‐based assisted housing—that it contributes to racial segregation by causing white flight—is not supported by empirical evidence.     

Financing multifamily rental housing: The changing role of lenders and investors

Abstract

A broad consensus exists that there are significant barriers to accessing capital markets for multifamily rental housing, particularly for housing targeted at low‐and moderate‐income households. While there is a growing secondary market for multifamily mortgages, the market is in the early stages of development and remains quite small. Expanding this market requires increasing standardization of mortgages, increasing credit quality with better underwriting and credit enhancement, and educating investors as to the risks and returns of multifamily investments. In addition, dramatically improved data collection on the performance of multifamily investments and analysis on the determinants of success are needed.     

Market factors affecting spatial heterogeneity among urban neighborhoods

Abstract

Institutional factors perpetuating segregation in urban neighborhoods— redlining by lenders and insurers, steering by brokers, and discrimination by owners—have attracted much attention recently. But natural market forces (demand, supply, and equilibrium price adjustment) can also create neighborhood heterogeneity in income, race, and housing characteristics.

This article establishes a framework to examine the market forces that create spatial clustering of households. On the demand side, differences in resident preferences and incomes lead to clustering; on the supply side, differences in cost functions, created by market specialization or location‐specific features, are important. Equilibrium price adjustment reinforces tendencies toward heterogeneity and leads to differential affordability patterns. Bid‐rent and other models of residential location, discrimination in urban housing markets, and the Tiebout model are discussed. A research agenda is proposed to measure neighborhood heterogeneity, isolate its influence on educational and employment opportunities, and evaluate policies for ameliorating its adverse effects.     

Judges as agents of social change: Can the courts break the affordable housing deadlock in metropolitan areas?

Abstract

Nowhere is the chasm between the races more apparent than in the physical division of metropolitan areas between inner‐city poverty and suburban affluence. Thus far, public policy efforts to introduce metropolitan perspectives into local land use regulations have been unsuccessful. The series of New Jersey Mount Laurel decisions lays out a possible path for introducing comprehensive regional planning by deploying the constitutional power of state courts. Relying on the allied professions of economics and city planning, the New Jersey Supreme Court eliminated the legal barriers to affordable housing in the suburbs.

Questions have been raised over courts’ ability to reform local government powers, but many traditional objections to the effectiveness of judicial reform seem to have been overcome in the New Jersey litigations and legislations. State courts can play an indispensable role in solving regional land use problems if they secure the support of community leadership groups.     

Housing affordability and family well‐being: Results from the housing voucher evaluation

Abstract

Studies report that real estate brokers often provide less information to black clients than to whites and steer them to different neighborhoods. However, few studies have investigated racial differences in housing search procedures. If blacks believe they will receive less useful information from brokers, they may avoid them.

Analyzing 1992 data from Detroit, this study finds that blacks were significantly less likely than whites to consult brokers. Blacks tended to rely more on methods such as talking with friends, checking newspaper ads, or driving through neighborhoods. Blacks were also more likely to believe that they missed housing opportunities because brokers discriminate. Differences in the socioeconomic characteristics of subjects account for some of the differences in the use of brokers. Eradicating discrimination by brokers will broaden housing opportunities only for blacks who use brokers. Policy actions that address the perception of discrimination by brokers may be a more powerful tool.     

论大学章程制定对完善高校内部治理结构的影响

自治是大学的固有传统,章程是大学自治的“宪章”。大学在制定章程时,必须对大学的独特使命、大学内部治理体制、师生员工的主体地位、大学的对外开放办学、大学的自我监督机制及外部管理体制等内容做出科学的认知和把握。当前我国大学以制定章程为契机,全面启动内部治理结构改革,并把教授治学摆在突出的位置,有利于新时期大学的转型与发展。但大学办学自主权的真正落实以及现代大学制度的确立,需要一个长期的过程。