民国南京政府时期的妇女离婚问题——以江苏省高等法院1927-1936年民事案例为例

民国南京政府时期,妇女在法律上拥有与男子平等的离婚权利,但是,从原因来看,妇女提出离婚诉求主要是因为男方的虐待、遗弃以及疾病,并且,在通奸问题上,男方与女方有明显不同的表现.妇女的离婚不仅受到了法律上证据问题的困扰,还受到社会文化因素的制约.在离婚后的妆奁与抚养费用上,妇女的合法权益一般得到了法院的保护.     

论中国妇女法定退休年龄的界定与调整

男女退休年龄不平等导致女性在养老金的分配和劳动就业权益等方面受损,一些政策对妇女地位的负面影响常常被忽视,或没有得到应有的关注。因此,有必要分析法定退休年龄确定的相关因素并在此基础上对中国妇女法定退休年龄作出界定。     

中国北方部分城市人工流产妇女家庭暴力相关因素初探

作者采用结构式调查问卷方法,于2001年11月至2002年1月在天津、辽宁、河南及陕西地区对1215名自愿要求人工流产的城市妇女进行调查,分析了中国北方部分城市人工流产妇女中家庭暴力发生的相关因素。结果发现,274名调查对象在本次妊娠前或后曾遭受过亲密伴侣的家庭暴力(包括性暴力、躯体暴力和心理暴力),家庭暴力发生率为22.6%。家庭暴力的发生与年龄、教育程度、职业、经济收入均无关联。家庭暴力并非只发生于特定的人群,而是一个普遍存在的社会问题,人流妇女有与暴力有关的生活经历以及与男方关系不良,易增加暴力发生的风险。     

监内农村女性罪犯的特点及改造对策

综合分析监内女性犯罪的特点，是作好劳改工作的前提条件。本文具体地分析了来自农村女性罪犯的一般特点，并结合当前劳改形势任务以及本监区的实际情况，提出了切实可行的改造对策．     

Engineering Elections: The Experiences of Women in Panchayati Raj in Karnataka, India

Engineering elections through gender quotas is a crucial component of strategies that seek to empower women through increased participation in the political system. In the south Indian state of Karnataka, this experiment has seen mixed results: it has made women more visible, decreased levels of corruption in Panchayati Raj institutions, and increased self-efficiency of women representatives. It is more difficult, however, to claim a substantive change in institutional priorities and state accountability. As important is the fact that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) often provide significant training and support in successful cases. Engineering elections thus highlights possibilities for change through increased participation by women.     

贵州民族地区中小学数学教师实施新课程现状的调查研究

贵州民族地区中小学数学教师实施新课程五年来取得的主要成效有:教师的教育观念有一定程度的转变;教学行为有一些初步的变化;教学科研意识有所增强;继续学习愿望强烈。存在的主要问题是:教师对课改基本理念和数学教育价值的认识表浅;专业理论欠缺:分析和驾驭新教材的能力弱;教学行为经验性、操作性特征突出而研究性、创造性、反思性严重不足。     

Lifetime Abuse, Mental Health, and African American Women

This study examined the relationship between lifetime abuse and mental health among 126 African American women and 365 White women from a primary health care setting who participated in a telephone interview as part of a larger study. Seven types of childhood and adult intimate partner abuse were measured. Consistent with hypotheses, (1) lifetime abuse was associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression, and (2) women who experienced childhood abuse were more likely to report adult partner abuse. African American and White women showed more similarities than differences in the associations between most abuse experiences and depression and anxiety, as well as types of childhood abuse. African American abused women reported more excessive jealousy by partners. Nonabused African American women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than their White counterparts. Results are interpreted and discussed taking into account relevant social and cultural factors.     

对推动中国女性解放力量的分析

回顾中国妇女解放走过的道路,可以看到中国妇女解放在未来的发展方向为女性积极主动参与到自身的解放事业中来。尽管如此,国家、妇联、学者、男性的作用仍是不可低估,他们在推动中国女性解放上曾经发挥并将继续发挥很大的作用。同时也不可否认,女性解放更多地将是依靠自身的力量。     

Sisters in Terrorism? Exploding Stereotypes

New Terrorism is increasingly deploying women in the field as combatants. Female suicide bombers have proven to be highly effective, precisely because of the persistence of gender stereotypes in target societies. Women terrorists convey a powerful message of political seriousness, heighten the sense of intimidation and threat, and attract greater mass media attention—all key strategic objectives of New Terrorism. Gender stereotypes are also at work in explanations for women's recourse to terrorist activism. Such stereotypes simplify complex motivations and either overvalue or undervalue women's agency. The net result of this stereotyping is that women end up worse off individually and collectively, domestically and internationally. The lives of women in geopolitical hotspots have become more precarious, and the valorization of women terrorists undermines the quest for women's emancipation in fundamentalist cultures. In Western democracies, paternalistic outrage at women's subordination under fundamentalist regimes may have initially served as a dubious justification for military and other interventions, but the involvement of women in terrorist activism now risks reinforcing an even more dangerous “clash of civilizations” thinking. One effect is to undermine the demands for greater gender equality in Western democracies as well as indirectly support the war on women political agenda domestically.     

关于妇女现状与问题的思考

妇女问题是社会问题.因为历史和现实的诸多原因,我国目前还存在着大量妇女问题,解决这些问题是一项长期的社会系统工程,需要全社会的广泛参与和通力协作.