《食品安全法》第四章误读索解

《食品安全法》第四章《食品生产经营》是本法的核心,可谓字字紧系健康,句句关乎安全。然而它恰恰又是本法语言表述疑义最多、最容易误读的章节。本文选择本章有代表性的容易误读的条款,对误读的内容、原因以及解决方法进行详尽的分析,所作的探讨,可以对其他章节的认识举一反三。     

The 2D:4D Ratio as a Predictor of the Risk of Recidivism after Court‐mandated Intervention Program for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators

Differences in aggressive behavior could be partially explained by differential prenatal exposure to testosterone (T). A peripheral marker of prenatal T exposure is the 2D:4D ratio, which has shown a negative correlation with self‐reported aggression in violent men. This study tested the direct association of the 2D:4D ratio with anger expression and the risk of recidivism in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators after psychotherapeutic intervention program. The sample consisted of IPV perpetrators, whose 2D:4D ratio was measured before the intervention. Moreover, after the intervention, anger expression and risk of recidivism in IPV were assessed. Smaller 2D:4D ratio, especially of the right hand, was related to higher anger expression and risk of recidivism in IPV perpetrators. The contribution of this prenatal marker together with other psychobiological variables could play a key role in the propensity to react aggressively when coping with environmental demands.     

视觉刺激事件相关电位及其研究进展

事件相关电位(ERP)是人对客体进行认知加工(注意、记忆、思维等)时,在头颅表面所记录到的大脑电位变化。ERP由多种与认知功能相关的成分构成,包括早期成分,失匹配负波(MMN),N2家族,P3家族,语言加工相关的ERP成分等。通过对ERP这些成分的分析,可以深入探究人类大脑的认知功能,并且具有重要的法医学应用价值。     

In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

五四时期俄罗新文学翻译

五四时期,俄罗斯文学翻译出现了一个崭新的局面。翻译界、出版界与读书界对俄罗斯文学的热情高涨实有其因:人们从中发现旧俄专制的国情与中国传统社会颇为相似;中国启蒙先驱者从俄国十月革命的成功获得鼓舞,确认了由文学启蒙到思想革命对于社会改革的必要性与迫切性;俄罗斯文学深沉的人道主义精神最让中国人感动;俄罗斯文学犹如大草原一般宏阔、雄浑、苍凉、悲怆的整体风貌,优秀作家千姿百态的独特风格,对于中国人来说,也具有极大的审美吸引力。     

禽流感二价抗原油乳剂灭活疫苗的研制

以禽流感病毒(AIV)H5N4株、H7N3株为抗原研制了H5N4-H7N3二价油乳剂灭活疫苗,并对其物理性状、安全性、免疫效力、保存期及抗体消长规律进行了检测.结果表明,试验鸡疫苗在免疫后3周到9个月内对AIV-H5N4的攻击均获全部保护.疫苗4℃保存15个月,其免疫效力没有下降.     

五四社会思潮与马克思主义主流地位的确立

辛亥革命后建设民国的失败,第一次世界大战的残酷现实,尤其是巴黎和会带来的“公理”迷梦的破灭,导致中国社会对资本主义的普遍怀疑和失望;而中国工人阶级的成长壮大,新文化运动的勃兴,特别是十月革命的一声炮响,又给探索中的中国先进分子带来对社会主义的新的希望和寄托。马克思主义主流地位在五四时期的确立,正是中国先进知识分子追求真理的理性选择。从党的一大建立起马克思主义政党,到二大制定出指导中国改造的民主革命纲领,是马克思主义主流地位确立的重要标志。     

"五四"自由精神的思考

"五四"自由精神是"五四"精神的核心,不仅影响了一代"五四"人,而且对"五四"后中国人的思维方式和行为方式也具有重要的影响."五四"自由精神的现实诉求是实现个性解放和人格独立,"五四"人对自由平等的权利的追求体现了他们强烈的社会责任感,所以,寻求中华民族自强之路是其真正主旨.重新审视"五四"自由精神对中国社会进步和未来发展具有重要意义.     

小鼠皮肤切创IL-10和IL-4的表达及其与损伤时间关系

目的　探讨IL 10、IL 4在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中的表达变化规律及其与损伤时间的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学及图像分析技术 ,观察实验小鼠不同时程的生前伤 ( 0 5～ 168h)及死后伤 ( 1～ 6h)皮肤创伤局部IL 10、IL 4的表达情况。结果　生前伤 ,IL 10在伤后 1～ 3h阳性反应逐渐增强 ,3h达峰值 ,2 4h降至较低水平 ,伤后 48h再次升高 ,72h又达新峰值 ,其阳性表达部位主要在表皮细胞及单核 /巨噬细胞 ;IL 4于伤后 2 4h出现明显阳性反应 ,96h表达水平达峰值 ,168h仍维持在较高水平 ,其阳性细胞主要为创伤局部的成纤维细胞。死后伤 ,IL 10仅于死后 1～ 3h呈阳性染色 ,IL 4未见阳性染色。结论　IL 10、IL 4在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中的表达呈现一定的时序性变化。     

浅谈我国侦诉关系的重构

侦查权与控诉权的关系一直是近几年来法学界讨论的话题。检察机关作为以控诉为主要任务的国家机关,其所拥有的侦查权的地位在司法实践中难以把握,而警察机关的侦查权与检察机关的侦查权也常有冲突。各国现有的两大模式,即侦诉合一与侦诉分离模式,在不同程度上均不能适合我国的需要。为此,应当在借鉴国外先进立法经验的基础上,结合我国司法经验和具体国情,构建我国的侦诉关系模式。