论政府公共危急管理能力之提升

公共危机管理是政府管理的重要组成部分。政府是公共危机管理的主体并在其中起主导作用,但它不是唯一的主体。构建完善的公共危机管理体系,提高公务员公共危机管理能力,疏通其他社会主体参与危机管理的渠道,加强国际合作是提升政府公共危机管理能力的重要环节。     

城市公共危机管理问题及其对策

当今中国处于各种危机频发的转型时期,城市作为社会的基本单元,面临着多元化危机的威胁。城市应该通过建立城市危机管理核心决策机构,建立一套城市的危机应急联动体系,借鉴先进的危机管理理念,运用高科技的信息技术以及完善城市的危机应对网络体系,来构建出高效的城市危机管理体制。     

Histological examination of carotid artery tissue in cases of ligature strangulation and hanging

Violence against the neck can result in a range of macromorphological and micromorphological findings. However, the forensic relevance of the carotid sinus in cases of violence against the neck remains controversial. In this follow-up study of 22 cases of suicidal and accidental strangulations, carotid bifurcations were examined histologically for morphological changes implying direct trauma, including haemorrhage and immunohistochemical expression of heat-shock proteins 27, 60, and 70 and aquaporin-3. These cases were compared with a control group (82 cases) without neck compression or head trauma and with variable causes of death. No relevant histopathological findings implying direct trauma of the carotid bifurcation were found. No cases showed positive aquaporin-3 staining and only five cases showed positive heat-shock protein-27 staining, all of which were hangings. Without massive trauma of the carotid bifurcation, histological alterations cannot be expected. Without signs of rapid death, findings of acute circulatory failure, macromorphological and micromorphological findings of neck compression, and reliable markers indicating relevant impact on the carotid bifurcation the diagnosis of a lethal reflex cannot be verified.

Key points

• Among 22 cases of strangulation causing death, there were 16 cases of hanging and 6 cases of ligature strangulation
• Few cases showed small haemorrhages located predominantly in the surrounding fat and connective tissues; however, the haemorrhages did not have any effects on the tissues
• Neck compression had minimal effects on heat shock protein 27 expression in carotid artery tissue
• Aquaporin-3 staining suggested it is not a useful marker for relevant neck pressure, or that there had not been any relevant neck impact
• Our findings suggested no direct evidence for reflex cardiac death resulting from a brief force against the neck

     

在新的历史起点上推动人民政协制度更加成熟定型

国家政治制度成熟定型必须具备系统完备、相对稳定、科学有效和广泛认同四个基本要件,人民政协制度更加成熟定型既要遵从上述要件,又要考虑政协性质特点,做到理论和政治上成熟,有鲜明的政治定性;职责和功能上成熟,有稳定的职能定位;制度机制成熟,有完备的工作定规。70年来人民政协制度化建设稳步推进,各项制度体系正在加速形成,新时代人民政协要更好地发挥在国家治理中专门协商机构作用,必须加快协商制度创新和完善,在新的历史起点上推动人民政协制度更加成熟定型。     

习近平关于公共安全的重要论述:一个总体框架

公共安全是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容。本文基于战略管理的有关思想,构建一个“环境-使命-运作”的分析框架,从战略判断、战略定位、战略部署三个维度,来研究公共安全思想的基本框架与核心观点。对重要文献的文本分析发现,习近平关于公共安全的重要论述对公共安全形势的战略判断,主要体现在严峻性、多样性、关联性三个方面;对公共安全作用的战略定位,主要体现在事关人民群众切身利益、事关经济社会发展大局、事关中国梦宏伟目标三个方面;对公共安全工作的战略部署,主要体现在全类型应对、全过程管理、全社会参与、全手段运用四个方面;作为战略统领的总体国家安全观,是习近平关于公共安全重要论述的战略指引和理论引领。     

Respecting multiculturalism? Respecting religion?

ABSTRACT

This response to Balint focuses on his stance towards minority cultural and religious practices where he is in general sceptical of special accommodation. I argue that there are grounds to grant special rights and other accommodative measures towards such minorities on the basis of freedom and citizenship (both values Balint endorses), and appraisal respect, a value he rejects. The upshot is more support for a hands-on, active state than the hands-off state that Balint favours.     

寄生虫谷胱甘肽转移酶的研究进展

谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transfer,aGsSeT)是由多基因编码、具有多种功能的超基因家族酶,是细胞内转运的"通用"载体蛋白。哺乳动物的GST可调控细胞增殖和死亡信号通路,具有参与运输、新陈代谢和生理反应等的能力。已有研究表明,多种寄生虫的GST参与虫体的生命活动。综述了有关寄生虫GST的研究进展,为后续相关研究提供思路。     

New media and strategic narratives: the Dutch referendum on Ukraine – EU Association Agreement in Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs

ABSTRACT

This article analyses two confronting narratives authored by Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’ referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” – the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia. These actors are significant participants of European international relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.     

合供:过去、现在与未来

公共政策的执行效果、公共产品的数量和质量往往都要依赖公众的合供(coproduction)。不管是教育、健康,还是环保等领域的公共政策,离开了公众合供,就难以达到预期政策效果。但对于合供的研究,学界并没有给予与之在现实中地位相称的重视。本文梳理相关文献,提出合供需要一个灵活的框架来兼容多种定义。通过回顾合供研究经历的三个阶段:20世纪80年代的萌芽时期、1990-2010年的缓慢进展期、2010年以后的全面爆发期,本文指出新进展主要在于关注微观层面的个体动机和宏观层面的合供绩效。本文认为,未来的合供研究除了关注微观动机和宏观绩效外,也需要关注非营利组织以及有效信息沟通在合供中的作用。     

On the Legal Regulation of Algorithms

Increasingly, algorithms challenge legal regulations, and also challenge the right to explanation, personal privacy and freedom, and individual equal protection. As decision-making mechanisms for human-machine interaction, algorithms are not value-neutral and should be legally regulated. Algorithm disclosure, personal data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination are traditional regulatory methods relating to algorithms, but mechanically using these methods presents difficulties in feasibility and desirability. Algorithm disclosure faces difficulties such as technical infeasibility, meaningless disclosure, user gaming and intellectual property right infringement. And personal data empowerment faces difficulties such as personal difficulty in exercising data rights and excessive personal data empowerment, making it difficult for big data and algorithms to operate effectively. Anti-algorithmic discrimination faces difficulties such as non-machine algorithmic discrimination, impossible status neutrality, and difficult realization of social equality. Taking scenarios of algorithms lightly is the root cause of the traditional algorithm regulation path dilemma. Algorithms may differ in attributes due to specific algorithmic subjects, objects and domains involved. Therefore, algorithm regulation should be developed and employed based on a case-by-case approach to the development of accountable algorithms. Following these development principles, specific rules can be enacted to regulate algorithm disclosure, data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination.