Chinese Political Studies: Overview of the State of the Field

The range of questions of interest to scholars of Chinese politics has changed slowly over recent decades, but the depth of empirical probes to answer them has quickly improved. One reason is the rise of China-born and Chinese-American researchers. Another is greater access to local information in China after the start of reforms there. Future developments in this field are likely to enrich current American political science, which will require fresh methods for adequate study of the planet's most populous polity.     

拓宽德育课外延--公安院校实施素质教育的有益尝试

随着教育改革的深入发展,素质教育已被广大教育工作考所接受并形成了共识,在从理论层面走向实践操作层面过程中,我们探索着拓宽德育课的外延功能,尝试着素质教育的改革.在"警"字上大做文章,选择人民警察职业道德教育作为进行素质教育的切入点,紧紧扣住铸造警魂这一核心,在全面提高公安院校学生的综合素质方面进行有益的尝试.     

强化四个意识 抓好五项落实切实保证职工主人翁地位

深化企业改革,充分调动广大职工的积极性,提高主人翁意识,保证主人翁的地位,发挥主人翁作用是国企改革成功的保证。     

网络环境下我国高职高专会计教育的改革与发展

适应网络环境下会计教育的发展趋势,高职高专会计教育应从教育环境、目标、内容、师资队伍建设、会计实践、考核方式等多个方面进行改革和发展,以适应我国经济发展对会计人才的需求。     

Hochschulsteuerung im deutschen Bildungsföderalismus

Seit einiger Zeit setzen sich in der deutschen Hochschulpolitik und an den Hochschulen Reformen im Rahmen des New Public Managements durch, die zu mehr Selbststeuerung und Effizienzerhöhung führen sollen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Vergleich der Hochschulsteuerung der 16 Landeshochschulsysteme Deutschlands vorgenommen. Zunächst werden die derzeitigen hochschulischen Steuerungsinstrumente systematisiert und anschließend zwei Governance‐Modellen zugeordnet, dem bürokratisch‐oligarchischen und dem Management‐Modell. Eine Einordnung der 16 Landeshochschulsysteme auf Basis dieser Systematisierung zeigt für die meisten Bundesländer eine Dominanz jener Steuerungsinstrumente, die dem Management‐Modell zugeordnet werden. Gleichwohl bestehen zwischen den Bundesländern deutliche Unterschiede in den jeweiligen Steuerungssystemen. Trotz der allgemeinen Annäherung an das Management‐Modell sind auf der konkreten Umsetzungsebene Varianten in der Ausgestaltung festzustellen. Demzufolge verwundert es nicht, dass der Erfolg von Hochschulen nicht nachweisbar von der gesetzlichen Verankerung des Management‐Modells abhängt, was am Beispiel der Exzellenzinitiative illustriert wird.     

Why Do the Finns Trust the Police?

Ideological trends in the criminal policy of the Nordic countries since the 1960s are analysed. Although criminal policy in these countries is not unified, one can argue for the existence of a 'Scandinavian criminal policy' characterized by several common features concerning historical tradition, intensive cooperation and a similar approach to crime prevention and control. The following trends and characteristics are examined in some detail: the cycle from criticism of the treatment ideology to a reappraisal of the role of the criminal justice system and the function of penal sanctions; the differentiation of criminal policy strategies (e.g. social and situational crime prevention, cost-benefit thinking, criminal law policy, sanctions policy). Discernible tendencies towards more unified or, at least, more harmonized criminal policies on the international and European level are also examined. Active participation in this developmental process is encouraged to ensure that the fundamental principles of Scandinavian criminal policy are properly utilized.     

Between Market‐Preserving Federalism and Intergovernmental Coordination: The Case of Australia

This article investigates Australia's economic success since the 1990s. As this was set in motion by fundamental political reforms, it asks to what extent Australian‐type federalism has been an important factor in the reform process. By using two approaches ‐ the market‐preserving federalism approach of Weingast, which stresses the virtues of ‘limited government’, decentralisation and competition together with the intergovernmental coordination approach of Scharpf which argues for a ‘problem‐solving’ orientation of territorial actors ‐, the structure of Australian federalism, changes in the working of the federal system in the 1990s, and effects on policy‐making are scrutinised. The article demonstrates that a particular combination of a rather centralised federal structure and a particular type of intergovernmental coordination, i.e. collaboration, supplemented by the strong influence of new public management ideas, has been conducive to political reforms in Australia. This suggests that a decentralised and competitive version of federalism, as defended by Weingast, is not a necessary condition for embarking on a successful reform path in federal countries. In future research, both approaches or analytical dimensions should be used in order to better understand the relationship of intergovernmental relations and policy reforms.     

政治体制改革要与时俱进

随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展、人们政治需求的不断觉醒和社会深层次矛盾的凸显,使加速政治体制改革变得日益紧迫和重要。发展社会主义民主政治的核心内容,是要实现权力体制民主化。     

中国政府体制改革的过去与未来

在20多年的改革开放进程中,中国政府体制改革主要表现为行政管理体制改革,也就是如何建设行为规范、运转协调、公正透明、廉洁高效的行政管理体制,改革的每一个阶段都取得了实质性的成果。这些改革包含着组织效率、职能效率和政治效率的基本价值。从组织、职能和政治三个逻辑,可以更好地理解过去,并预测中国政府体制未来10-20年的基本改革方向。     

当事人主义刑事诉讼与证据开示

证据开示是当事人主义刑事诉讼实质化所不可缺少的制度 ;检察官的当事人性与其证据开示责任并不矛盾 ;法治国家关于证据开示的争论已经得出利大于弊的结论。中国审判方式的改革应当注重对抗制审判的精神 ,而不能偏重其形式 ;建立专门的证据开示制度应当成为进一步改革的重要内容