Correlation of paternity index with probability of exclusion and efficiency criteria of genetic markers for parternity testing

The statistical correlation between the chance of paternity exclusion and paternity index is explored to derive a new criterion of judging the efficiency of an array of genetic determinations for parentage diagnosis. The theoretical basis is illustrated with allele frequency data on genetic markers used in a paternity testing protocol to examine the possible effects of changing the genetic systems on the prospect of identifying fathers by genetic markers.     

Childhood Abusive and Supportive Experiences, Inter-Parental Violence, and Parental Alcohol Use: Prediction of Young Adult Depressive Symptoms and Aggression

Issues in both the children of alcoholics and child abuse literatures were addressed in an attempt to disentangle the effects on young adults of growing up in alcoholic homes versus abusive homes. Using multiple regression, retrospective reports of parental abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) and parental support (love/support, independence, and fairness), witnessing violence between parents, and parental alcohol use were used as predictor variables for outcomes noted by both literatures. When the effects of all other predictors were statistically controlled, parental alcohol use was not significantly related to depressive symptoms or aggression. Different abusive and supportive behaviors, depending on sex of parent and sex of participant, were significant predictors of both depression and aggression. Results underscore the importance of including and controlling for inter-parental violence and for different types of child abuse (especially emotional abuse) and parental supportive behaviors in investigations of outcomes related to abusive and alcoholic families. Implications for treatment of individuals from these families are discussed.     

Predictors of Early Engagement in Home Visitation

Predictors of engagement in mothers receiving home visitation in the first year of service was examined. Early engagement was studied in three ways: (1) length of time active in the program during the first year of service (duration), (2) number of visits received (quantity), and (3) gaps in service between visits (consistency). Examined visits received in 515 first-time mothers in a Healthy Families America (HFA) program. Parameters of engagement were investigated, and predictors of engagement were identified using demographics and the Kempe Family Stress Inventory. Inclusive of the Assessment Visit, 31.8% of mothers disengaged prior to the first month of service. Remaining active in the program was associated with being Caucasian, and increased parenting risk (mental health/substance abuse history, low social support, increased stress). Most mothers had fewer home visits than prescribed. Gaps in prescribed service were common, with 89.4% of mothers experiencing gaps between visits of 1 month, and dropping to 16.4% having gaps of 2 months. In contrast to findings from clinic-based interventions, early engagement in home visitation is associated with lower levels of functioning and acute needs. These findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that increased adversity promotes engagement in prevention programs in general, and home visitation programs in particular. To the extent that mothers who are actively engaged in home visitation are likely to have increased psychosocial needs, curricula may require modification and augmentation to address these needs and optimize program effectiveness.     

Separating Compensatory and Punitive Damage Award Decisions by Trial Bifurcation

In a simulated products liability trial, we tested the effects of bifurcating decisions regarding compensatory and punitive damage awards. Fifty-nine groups of 5-7 jurors heard evidence in a unitary or bifurcated format, deliberated about the case to a unanimous decision, and awarded damages. Trial bifurcation decreased variability in compensatory damage awards across juries hearing the same case, and also decreased the tendency for juries to award extremely high compensatory damages. In addition, deliberation led to lower compensatory awards in the low injury severity condition and higher awards in the high injury severity condition. Jurors reported that they were using evidence more appropriately when the decisions were bifurcated. Implications of evidence bifurcation in civil trials are discussed.     

地方政府职能与公共财政

地方政府有效地履行政府职能可以纠正市场失灵，促进地方经济的发展。地方财政是地方政府履行政府职能的经济基础。当前，我国地方财政还存在一些与市场经济体制及国际惯例不尽适应的问题，制约了地方政府正常地履行其职能。这需要通过深化财税体制改革，建立公共财政体制来解决。     

财产权限制措施与财产权关系之分析——财产权保障的新视角

财产权限制措施是针对财产权的占有、使用、收益、处分等权利所采取的侦查行为,其客体包括作为犯罪之物、作为证据之物和可为财产保全之物,具有证据保全、财产保全和社会保全的功能。从财产权限制措施的功能出发,厘清财产权限制措施与占有权、使用权、收益权和处分权之间的关系,是保障公民基本权利——财产权落到实处的必经之路。     

促进民族文化与地域经济发展的良性互动——黎族传统文化在海南国际旅游岛建设中的物化

发展民族文化旅游,不仅能够促进民族文化与地域经济的良性互动,也是对民族村寨的一种有效的保护方式。作为旅游景点对外开放的历史文化村寨,能否把旅游业的发展与保护生态环境和自然环境相统一,充分考虑资源、环境的承载能力,做到保护和开发并重,避免无序开发导致的生态环境遭到破坏,民族文化失去特色,值得我们认真思考。本文以海南为例进行分析并提出相关建议。     

论民族传统体育保护与发展的价值取向

民族传统体育是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,集中反映了中华民族的哲学观念和生存智慧。民族传统体育除了体育属性之外,还具备重要的文化属性。一直以来,由于价值取向上的偏差,民族传统体育的保护和发展存在重竞技性轻大众性、重体育性轻文化性、重传统性轻现代性的问题。通过分析,提出民族传统体育"传统属性遗产化"、"体育属性大众化"和"文化属性现代化"的价值取向。     

基于文化安全视角下的中国传统文化艺术的保护与传承——以陕北为例

文化安全问题目前在世界范围内受到广泛关注并逐渐上升到影响国家安全的战略高度。中国共产党的十七届六中全会把维护国家文化安全列为文化建设的一项重要任务。文化之所以出现"安全"问题与全球化进程中的"双刃剑"效应以及西方发达国家极力推行文化霸权主义的理论和实践行为有直接而密切的关系。在全球化大潮的冲击下,保护和传承好我国的传统文化,是一个重大的课题。论文以陕北传统文化艺术的保护传承为例,通过对陕北民间文化艺术的蕴藏及其保护状况阐述,分析当前传统文化艺术的保护传承过程中存在的问题和不足。力图提出有效措施发扬我国优秀的传统文化艺术,进而加强我国在全球化中的竞争力,切实维护国家文化安全。     

中医医疗技术损害侵权鉴定中的证据审查分析简

近些年,随着全民养生保健意识的逐步提高,选择中医治疗的患者越来越多,接踵而来的是因中医医疗技术损害引起纠纷的案件数量的攀升。但目前国内外大多数都是按照西医治疗的标准进行鉴定,一直未形成具有针对性、系统性、统一性的中医医疗纠纷鉴定的标准与原则。本文中,作者旨在结合《侵权责任法》中医疗技术损害责任的相关规定,阐述中医辨证论治的特点,审查分析中医医疗技术纠纷鉴定中的相关证据。