Four Lessons for Developing Countries from the Trade Negotiations Over Access to Medicines

After the Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into operation in 1995 developing countries have found themselves in a process of continual negotiation over intellectual property rights and access to medicines. These negotiations have taken place in the World Trade Organization and in the context of free trade agreements. The paper suggests that the only real win for developing countries has been the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health in 2001. What have been the lessons for developing countries in a decade of negotiations over access to medicines? Drawing on themes of rule complexity and regulatory ritualism the paper discusses four key lessons for developing countries. It concludes by arguing that developing countries will do better if they adopt a networked governance approach to negotiation rather than continuing to rely on traditional coalition formation.     

大学生就业困境及法律保障问题研究——以《劳动合同法》制定为视角

1999年6月,随着我国高校扩招政策出台,我国高等教育步入跨越式发展阶段,这使得我国高校毕业生激增,而在短期内,社会对高校毕业生的需求增加幅度不会有很大变化.因此,在激烈的竞争中大学生就业弱势地位会愈加明显.大学生就业困境已经成为一个社会问题,如何解决大学生就业的法律保障是今后的一项重大课题.2006年3月20日,全国人大常委会向社会公布<中华人民共和国劳动合同法(草案)>并征求意见,此举无疑为研究大学生就业中的法律保障问题提供了新的契机.因此,基于大学生就业中缺乏法律保障之背景,探讨大学生就业的劳动合同法保护尤为必要.     

国际刑事司法协助制度的若干新发展

《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》和《联合国反腐败公约》对国际刑事司法协助制度的新近发展作出了一定程度的总结,特别是确立了以追缴被非法转移的犯罪所得或收益为中心的司法协助新体系,放宽了双重犯罪原则对非强制性司法协助活动的限制作用,全面推广司法协助"中央机关"的联系机制,同时,倡导各国在条件允许的情况下采纳远程视频听证和联合调查的取证新方式。这些发展所涉及的一些新规则值得加以深入研究。     

A SHORT COMMENTARY ON TIMOTHY M. TIPPINS AND JEFFREY P. WITTMANN'S "EMPIRICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS WITH CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS

In this commentary, the call for clinical humility and judicial vigilance in custody recommendations is confirmed as valid and the Australian experience, where the child custody report writer has for some years been permitted to express an opinion on the ultimate issue, is considered. The inherent risks are briefly discussed, and the question of who of the judge and the social scientist might be better placed to decide the exquisitely difficult children's issues after family breakdown is touched upon. It suggests that a combination of the expert's opinion and judicial fact finding probably produces a result that is as good as it gets. But a greater danger is highlighted. It is the impact of the adversary system, and whether it is suitable in any event to these sensitive court decisions.     

法律保留原则探析

法律保留滥觞于英国的《自由大宪章,》是法治国家的基本法律原则与制度。法律保留包括立法法律保留与行政法律保留。前者作用于立法领域,旨在划定议会立法权力与政府立法权力的界限;后者作用于行政领域,旨在规范行政权力的行使。前者的理论基础是议会民主原则与分权原则,后者的理论依据是法治主义。     

A New Use for Practitioners in Teaching Negotiation

This article examines the role that practitioners as guest lecturers have traditionally played in the teaching of negotiation. The authors argue that, as seen from the perspective of student learning, this traditional role has not utilized the practitioner's expertise and experience to an optimal degree. Because of this, they have redesigned the role of the practitioner as guest lecturer in their negotiation course. They describe this new role in some detail. Their goal is to encourage students to understand how and why integrative negotiation techniques can work beyond the classroom in what students call the "real world."     

实现利益均衡是社会和谐的根本前提——和谐社会利益关系问题的经济学思考

本文着眼于我国社会转型时期收入分配差距拉大、利益关系出现失衡的问题,分析了在社会主义市场经济发展过程中,非市场因素引发的收入差距扩大及分配不公现状,提出收入分配的改革重在体现发展成果应由人民共享,实现利益均衡是社会和谐的根本前提。     

论和谐社会视野下的政府职能体系

构建社会主义和谐社会,是在新形势下提高党的执政能力、贯彻落实科学发展观和推进我国经济社会发展的战略举措。从系统论的角度看,社会系统要实现整体和谐,获得良性的运行和发展,必须构建一个政府职能体系。本文在深入研究政府职能体系结构的基础上,重点论述了如何构建政府职能体系。     

目前我国行政立法监督机制探讨

很长一段时间,我国没有统一的行政立法程序,行政机关一般都按照自己制定的程序进行行政立法。我国目前没有统一的监督行政立法的法律规定,只是通过批准和备案两种监督方式对行政立法进行监督,除此之外,再没有“事前”和“事后”的监督措施,我国目前也还没有建立对行政立法的司法审查制度。因此,我们有必要对目前我国行政立法监督机制进行探讨。     

安乐死"合法性"的法理分析

安乐死“合法性”研究应是“合法化”研究的前导。否则后者很可能陷入盲目。从逻辑上说,“安乐死合法性”具有三种可能内涵:安乐死不违法;依法律施行安乐死;安乐死是一种权利。分析表明,第一种和第三种安乐死合法性尚不能被现代法权系统承认。各国安乐死立法主要体现了第二种安乐死合法性。第一种安乐死合法性容易被遗忘和忽视;第二种安乐死合法性目前遭到了广泛的误解;第三种安乐死合法性则是误解的产物并且超出了法律的维度。