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排序方式: 共有227条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
Elizabeth Reed Anita Raj Gilliatt Falbo Fatima Caminha Michele R. Decker Deborah C. Kaliel Stacey A. Missmer Beth E. Molnar Jay G. Silverman 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2009,32(5):323-328
PurposeTo assess the prevalence and different types of violence experienced by women prisoners in Brazil and the effects of violence on women's depression and illicit drug use.MethodsParticipants (N = 377) were incarcerated women from a state prison in a northeastern city of Brazil. Multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted for age, education, partner status, prison history, drug related offense, and sentencing status) were used to assess associations between each type of violence (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and life threats) and each outcome variable: recent depression and illicit drug use.ResultsThe majority of participants (87%) reported experiencing some type of violence in their lifetime, including physical violence (83%), sexual victimization (36%), and threats on their life (29%.) Sexual violence was significantly related to both recent depression (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.4–5.3) and recent substance use (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6–4.4) in adjusted models. Experiences of life threats were also significantly associated with illicit drug use (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7), as was physical violence (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–4.9); however, neither of these latter two violence variables were significantly associated with depression.ConclusionReports of lifetime violence victimization among this incarcerated sample of women were extremely prevalent and relevant to women's depression and illicit drug use. Prison efforts to address women's depression and illicit drug use may be most effective by incorporating aspects related to women's history of victimization, especially given the high rates of violence experienced by women in this sample. 相似文献
212.
Swanson JW Van Dorn RA Swartz MS Smith A Elbogen EB Monahan J 《Law and human behavior》2008,32(3):228-240
Violence in schizophrenia patients may result from many factors besides the symptoms of schizophrenia. This study examined the relationship between childhood antisocial behavior and adult violence using data from the NIMH CATIE study. The prevalence of violence was higher among patients with a history of childhood conduct problems than among those without this history (28.2% vs. 14.6%; P < 0.001). In the conduct-problems group, violence was associated with current substance use at levels below diagnostic criteria. Positive psychotic symptoms were linked to violence only in the group without conduct problems. Findings suggest that violence among adults with schizophrenia may follow at least two distinct pathways-one associated with premorbid conditions, including antisocial conduct, and another associated with the acute psychopathology of schizophrenia. 相似文献
213.
In Virginia v. Black (123 S.Ct. 1536, 2003), the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment did not bar statutes that prohibit cross burnings
in which defendants acted with intention to intimidate others. Using a variety of symbols including cross burnings, swastikas,
confederate flags, and skin fists, the current research tested how mock jurors used alternative actor intentions to judge
culpability in symbolic hate speech cases. Only partially validating the Court’s assumptions, participants rated guilt certainty
highest when they believed the speakers conveyed direct threats, sometimes regardless of whether defendants intended to intimidate
others. Further, results showed the level of perceived intimidation only partially mediated the relationship between type
of fact pattern and guilt certainty ratings. While alternative intentions did produce different levels of intention to intimidate,
path analysis showed that the participants’ ratings of the defendant’s intention to convey a direct threat influenced guilt
certainty ratings in all cases. Perceived intimidation levels predicted culpability in only some of the cases and not for
cross burning on private property.
相似文献
Richard L. WienerEmail: |
214.
In this paper, data from the NCS and NCVS are developed for the purpose of describing long-term trends in male and female
violent victimization for the period 1973–2004. More specifically, gender-specific trends in violence are compared according
to crime type and victim–offender relationship. Despite their potential usefulness, these data have not been published previously.
The data reveal that the gender gap in robbery victimization has remained relatively stable while the gender gaps in aggravated
and simple assault victimization have narrowed over time. Results varied when the data were disaggregated by victim–offender
relationship. Male and female rates of nonstranger simple assault and nonstranger robbery were roughly equivalent throughout
the period, and the greater risk for male nonstranger aggravated assault that was evident three decades ago has largely disappeared.
The gender gap persists in stranger assault, but has narrowed somewhat because male rates of victimization have declined more
than female rates. In addition, male and female trends and the gender gap in nonlethal intimate partner violence differ from
the patterns established in intimate partner homicide studies. The paper concludes with a discussion of research that is needed
to understand why the gender gap in violent victimization has changed for some types of violence but not others, and how greater
attention to gender will improve efforts to understand crime trends.
相似文献
Karen HeimerEmail: |
215.
Michael Woodworth Stephen Porter Leanne ten Brinke Naomi L. Doucette Kristine Peace Mary Ann Campbell 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2009,32(5):329-334
Defendants commonly claim amnesia for their criminal actions especially in cases involving extreme violence. While some claims are malingered or result from physiological factors, other cases may represent genuine partial or complete amnesia resulting from the psychological distress and/or extreme emotion associated with the perpetration of the crime. Fifty Canadian homicide offenders described their memories of their homicide, a non-homicide violent offense, and their most positive adulthood life experience. Self-reported and objective measures of memories for these events revealed that homicides were recalled with the greatest level of detail and sensory information. Although dissociative tendencies were associated with a self-reported memory loss, objective measures of memory quality did not reflect this perceived impairment, suggesting a failure of meta-memory. Recollections of positive life events were superior to those of non-homicidal violence, possibly due to greater impact and meaning attached to such experiences. Findings suggest that memory for homicide typically is enhanced by the powerful emotion associated with its perpetration. 相似文献
216.
强硬立法应对暴力袭警问题探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张建国 《甘肃警察职业学院学报》2010,(1)
暴力袭警是当前我国面临的一个重要问题,暴力袭警是指人民警察在依法执行公务的过程中,民众公然向民警侮辱、挑衅、示威、施暴等各种阻碍警察职务的不法行为,暴力袭警频发的因素有:法制因素、公众因素、公安机关内部因素和民警自身因素,笔者认为公安机关应适应社会形势变化,通过借鉴西方警察权益保障机制机会,强硬立法,规范警察维权组织等举措应对袭警。 相似文献
217.
Crossover Cases of High‐Conflict Families Involving Child Protection Services: Ontario Research Findings and Suggestions for Good Practices
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Child protection services (CPS) are increasingly becoming involved in high‐conflict separations and the related custody and access proceedings. CPS involvement is often necessary to respond to abuse or neglect allegations or protect children from emotional harm. However, these crossover cases are very challenging for family justice professionals. This article reports on research on crossover cases in Ontario, including an analysis of reported court decisions, a survey of CPS staff, and interviews with family justice professionals. We suggest clearer CPS policies; improved understanding of respective professional roles; CPS summary reports for family courts; increased interagency coordination, communication, and training; and use of judicial case management. 相似文献
218.
高校校园暴力犯罪诱因解析及防范 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来高校校园暴力犯罪日趋严重,对家庭、高校造成压力,给社会带来不安定因素。分析高校校园暴力犯罪的成因并提出相应的对策,是解决高校校园暴力犯罪问题的前提。 相似文献
219.
沈英 《河南司法警官职业学院学报》2003,1(4):81-83
修订后的《婚姻法》增加了关于禁止家庭暴力方面的规定,是我国规范家庭成员间行为的又一重大进步。婚姻暴力是最主要的家庭暴力,它已成为一个社会性的问题,是社会、经济、传统观念等多种因素综合作用的结果。预防和制止婚姻暴力要从立法、执法方面加大力度,加强法制宣传,树立男女平等的法律意识,形成以政府、司法、妇联各机构相结合的社会救助服务、保障、预防、制裁等为构架的网络体系。 相似文献
220.
本文结合10例胸腰椎损伤的法医临床学鉴定,将其致伤原因分为普通伤害(直接暴力、间接暴力)及交通伤,总结其特点,同时主张采用X线、CT等作为其诊断的主要辅助检查手段,并对劳动能力评定、医疗及预后评价、伤与病的关系等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献