道路交通事故损伤中的损伤部位与伤残关系

研究道路交通事故中活体损伤案例 ,损伤部位、伤残率、伤残程度之间关系。收集 1997年～ 1999年间武汉地区道路交通事故中活体损伤案例 35 47例 ,对其进行统计和分析。 1792例损伤被评残 ( 5 0 5 2 % ) ,伤残评定率最高的部位为周围神经损伤和耳外伤 ,分别为 90 0 0 % ,83 30 %。最低为躯干及四肢软组织损伤 ( 17 5 2 % )。伤残程度评定中Ⅸ～Ⅹ级和Ⅰ～Ⅴ级伤残评定率分别为 78 74%和 4 41%。伤残评定率与损伤部位的发生并不一致 ,伤后治疗效果直接影响伤残评定。伤残程度以Ⅸ～Ⅹ级最多 ,各部位损伤均可见 ,Ⅰ～Ⅴ级伤残较少 ,Ⅰ级伤残仅见于颅脑和脊髓损伤     

道路交通事故颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定

目的　研究道路交通事故中颅脑损伤的类型、特点、主要并发症及其受伤人员的伤残评定。方法　 862例道路交通事故颅脑损伤的案例资料 ,按伤者受伤的不同部位、有无并发症、并发症的类型及伤残程度进行统计分析。结果　复合性颅脑损伤 2 76例 ,脑挫伤 192例 ,颅骨骨折 79例 ,颅内出血 91例 ,头皮外伤 2 2 4例 ;主要并发症为脑积水 ( 19例 ,2 2 0 % )、癫痫 ( 16例 ,1 86% )、偏瘫 ( 14例 ,1 62 % )、植物人状态 ( 12例 ,1 3 9% )。结论　道路交通事故中颅脑损伤 ,以头部复合性损伤最多见 ,严重的脑挫伤为最常见的损伤类型 ,并发症的诊断应掌握诊断标准 ,并注意与相关疾病鉴别。     

Drivers of China’s Regional Infrastructure Diplomacy: The Case of the Sino-Thai Railway Project

ABSTRACT

The land-based Silk Road Economic Belt, as a part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, has become central for the country’s economic diplomacy since 2013. As part of these initiatives, Chinese authorities have been keen to expand their high-speed railways across the country’s border into neighbouring countries. Thailand has been one of the front-runners in negotiating high-speed railway projects with China. This article seeks to answer the following questions: what are the driving forces behind the land-based Silk Road Belt; what are the rationales behind the Sino-Thai rail project; and how can the process and outcome of Sino-Thai negotiations be understood? These questions reflect on whether we are witnessing Chinese economic diplomacy to advance commercial and wider economic goals or Chinese economic statecraft to serve foreign policy objectives. Overall, after examining the evidence, the article argues that Silk Road Economic Belt diplomacy and the Sino-Thai rail project are driven predominantly by economic motivations.     

机动车与非机动车驾驶人、行人之间的交通事故损害赔偿责任

从沈阳“撞了白撞”的法规到《道路交通安全法》第76条出台以来,引起了社会的广泛关注与争论。一方面,我们不仅要妥善处理行人与机动车驾驶员之间的紧张关系,更要彰显人的生命健康价值的优先地位;另一方面,也要从法律规范层面剖析第76条的归责原则与法律适用,既突出强调机动车一方要承担的严格责任,也强调行人和非机动车驾驶人违规亦应承担相应的法律后果。这样我们就能够正确地理解和掌握道交法第76条立法精神与价值取向,有利于公平合理地确定事故双方的责任,进而达到维护道路交通秩序、预防和减少交通事故、保护人身财产安全的立法目的。     

建立中俄朝图们江自由路港区的构想

图们江的国际合作开发,关键是解决好交通运输瓶颈问题。建立中俄朝图们江自由路港区是解决交通运输瓶颈的惟一正确选择。所谓图们江自由路港区,就是在图们江下游地区,整合交通运输资源,将海上航线、港口、陆路运输线、口岸设施及通关查验结成一体化,实行统一的自由口岸通关查验制度和交通运输制度,实现商品、运输工具、人员在区域内的自由流动。从目前该区域的实际情况和可行性分析看,已具备建立自由路港区的条件,因此,建立中俄朝自由路港区,将加快图们江区域的国际合作开发进程。     

论中国道路

中国道路创造了中国发展的世界奇迹。这条道路既不同于苏联模式,也不是民主社会主义的选择,是中国共产党人在改革开放实践中的伟大创造,是社会主义在当代实践中的新形态。中国道路还不够成熟,尚未定型,需要在实践中不断完善。     

Psychoactive drugs in the road traffic in the legal and consultative aspects—Experience gained by the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice

Introduction

In the years 1997–2007 in the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice a total of 785 blood samples collected from drivers being the perpetrators of road accidents was tested for the presence of psychoactive drugs.

Methods

The studies took advantage of FPIA (Abbott), ELISA (Neogen), LC–MS and GC FID.

Results

21% of tested samples were positive. In the blood of the driver cannabinoids, amphetamine and its derivatives were most frequently found. Moreover, individual opium alkaloids, their combinations with barbiturates, benzodiazepines or amphetamine, benzodiazepine derivatives (isolated cases), drugs of benzodiazepine group in combination with barbiturates, tramadol or tricyclic anti-depressants (isolated cases), carbamazepine, phenotiazine, cocaine, dibenzepine, benzene, toluene and acetone were determined.

Conclusion

The obtained results showed cannabinoids and amphetamine derivatives to be the most frequent whereas opium alkaloids, barbiturates and benzodiazepines rather rare psychoactive drugs found in the tested blood samples of the drivers involved in the road accidents. The authors suggest screening psychoactive drugs not only in drivers involved in road accidents but also those put through the routine road check procedures. While giving opinions on the influence of the above mentioned drugs on the psychophysical efficiency of road traffic users, drugs and compounds which are not subject to legal control but have an effect on the human psychomotor efficiency and thus, enhance the risk of the road accident should be also taken into account.     

20O1年海上丝路研究在中国(下)

2001年中国对海上丝路的研究蓬勃发展,先后在昆明、宁波、湛江和广州召开了4次有关的学术研讨会。本文试对这4次学术研讨会,略作评述。