Contracts, Compacts and Control: New Labour and Personal Responsibility

The 2004 report Personal Responsibility and Changing Behaviour: The State of Knowledge and its Implications for Public Policy by the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit is an attempt to draw together social science literature that explains why it is difficult for governments to influence individual citizens. Underlying this is the idea that across diverse areas of policy, state provision of services often has much less impact on outcomes than does an individual's behaviour. Therefore to improve outcomes, government needs to be able to encourage 'personal responsibility'. The authors focus mainly on the role of contracts in changing behaviour in a whole range of different areas; from ASBOs and crime prevention, to home-school agreements and education policy. This report appears to underpin much of the thinking within New Labour as to future policy, and reveals how ideas of personal responsibility are likely to be key to New Labour's manifesto commitments prior to the 2005 general election.     

Recent Developments to British Multicultural Theory,Policy and Practice: The Case of British Muslims

Since the early 1970s, there have been highly sophisticated arguments and conceptual discussions put forward in relation to how Western liberal democracies might wish to manage their diverse ethnic minority populations. It is apparent, however, that in the current climate, the important principles of unity and diversity are insufficient to challenge differing forms of ethnic, racial, and religious inequality. This paper argues that because of its underlying assumptions and modus operandi in the post-September 11 climate, British multiculturalism has been ineffective, even supporting some commentators' suggestions of a return to assimilationism. There is a new era in post-September 11 political hegemony, economic determinism and structural and cultural racisms, with European government rhetoric and public policy almost exclusively aimed at Muslims—whether as existing citizens or as part of a process of limiting immigration (which has tended to be from mainly Eastern European, North African, and Middle Eastern sending regions and nations). The example of New Labour and how it has attempted to deal with multiculturalism in Britain is a case in point. The discussion explores the changing concept of multiculturalism with special reference to British Muslims and debates that emerge in relation to identity, nation and civil society. It is argued that the experience and treatment of British Muslims is important to explore and appreciate in the current climate as it provides a test case for the future of (a) British multiculturalism and (b) British Muslims in society per se.     

超现实主义视域中的达利与拉康

超现实主义思潮的表现方式和颠覆现实的内里逻辑是拉康早期理论兴趣的重要来源之一。但是,与超现实主义的旨趣,即力图打破现实的物性生活,追求未被世俗物欲毒化的理想境界这个兴奋点不同,拉康并不是在现实生活背后肯定性地发现惊异之美,而是致力于颠覆式地揭露出人之生存面相背后的倒错悲剧。     

比例原则与监听刍议--兼论监听立法之完善

监听是一种秘密侦查手段,在实践中已为侦查机关广泛采用,但迄今为止我国没有任何一部法律对之做出规制,导致司法实践中侵犯公民权利的现象时有发生,从而迫切需要立法予以完善.比例原则在西方许多国家和地区是其公法领域的一项基本原则,其基本价值所在就是保障人权、防止权力的滥用.因此,比例原则与监听有着天然的密切联系,她可以作为设计监听立法的指导原则和操作标准,以此防止国家侦查权的滥用和保护公民的基本人权.     

浅析公司设立行为应承担的民事责任

任何公司的设立都是一个逐渐完成的过程 ,在此过程必然发生一系列法律关系 ,诸如公司设立成功时设立行为的法律责任的承担、公司设立未成功时设立行为的法律责任、公司设立无效的设定及法律责任等。确立这些因公司设立行为产生的民事责任的承担原则 ,有利于开展公司设立活动和维护债权人利益     

俄罗斯与欧盟的经济关系

在当今的国际关系格局中,俄罗斯与欧盟的关系占据着重要的地位,其中双方的经济关系由于发展迅速更是备受世人关注。俄罗斯独立以来,特别是进入21世纪以后,出于各自的需要,俄欧双方积极展开了在贸易、投资和能源等经济领域的全面合作,并取得了相当大的成效。短期内,俄欧经济关系仍将维持以能源合作为主,其他合作为辅的基本格局,长期来看,俄欧经济关系能否取得突破主要还是取决于俄罗斯能否逐步完善市场经济体制的改革,改变畸形的经济结构并尽快恢复和扩大加工工业产品的出口。     

对故意传播艾滋病的刑事立法刍议

保障艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的合法权利,使其得到应有的治疗,并规定他们应承担的避免将艾滋病毒传染给他人,包括亲人的义务。政府必须加快制定HIV感染者病人的行政和刑事管理法规,对“传播艾滋病罪”作出规定。     

马克思主义哲学在当代

必须克服以斯大林教科书为范本的“辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义”体系及其模式的缺陷．重新焕发起马克思主义哲学的生机，使之继续走在人类文明的前列。必须因应中国马克思主义哲学理论和实践发展的要求．探索建立马克思主义哲学当代中国化的形态，走向马克思主义哲学发展的新高度。     

新民主主义革命时期党群沟通机制有效运行的原因及启示

新民主主义革命时期中国共产党准确地把握社会形势,成功地宣传了党的方针政策,唤醒了民众的革命觉悟,有效地整合了各种社会资源,推动了新民主主义革命的胜利。研究新民主主义革命时期党群沟通的有效运行机制,对新时期进一步改善党群关系,加强党的建设具有重要的指导意义。     

从“科学的代言人”到“当事人的枪手”——专家证人历史沿革与我国现实考察

英美法系在很早以前就认识到了专家在审判中的重要作用，而具有偏向性专家证人则是对抗制的产物。在中世纪，专家是以陪审团成员或者法官顾问的身份出现在法庭上的，由法官进行引导和控制．以保证其中立性和公正性。16世纪，随着知情陪审团被不知情陪审团所替代，法院开始传唤专家出庭，就某个专业问题向陪审团提供意见和结论。到了18世纪．英美法系审判中对抗的因素越来越多．双方当事人开始传唤专家作为各自的证人出庭提供意见。但18世纪末19世纪初的专家证人并不具有偏向性。直到19世纪中期，专家证人开始为各自当事人的利益服务．在法庭上为就与案件事实相关的专门性问题提出自己的意见．现代意义上的专家证人产生。梳理英美法系专家证人的历史对我国司法鉴定制度改革具有重要的指导意义。我国现已全面确立专家辅助人制度．专家辅助人应当具有中立性．并需构建一系列的程序和制度对专家辅助人的中立性进行保障。