欧盟公共采购法采购主体制度述评

欧盟公共采购法的采购主体制度是欧盟内部市场制度深入发展的结果,主体的市场化程度是判定其是否应纳入公共采购法规范的主要标准。同时,尽管欧盟公共采购法体现出高度的开放性特点,但这种开放仅是针对欧盟成员国的相对的开放,欧盟的对外政策仍具有突出的贸易保护特色,这是欧盟公共采购法与真正的政府采购国际法规范的一个本质区别.     

联合国反恐规约在我国的贯彻实施

我国政府历来重视预防和惩治恐怖主义,并与相关国际组织和国家开展了广泛的反恐合作。到目前为止,我国已经加入了绝大部分国际反恐公约。我国反恐立法的范围及主要内容在实体法和程序法中均有体现。但我国现行的反恐立法存在缺陷。应依据联合国反恐规约完善我国的反恐立法。     

Taking a New Perspective: Mapping the Al Qaeda Network Through the Eyes of the UN Security Council

Network analysis has attracted significant attention when researching the phenomenon of transnational terrorism, particularly Al Qaeda. While many scholars have made valuable contributions to mapping Al Qaeda, several problems remain due to a lack of data and the omission of data provided by international organizations such as the UN. Thus, this article applies a social network analysis and subsequent mappings of the data gleaned from the Security Council's consolidated sanctions list, and asks what they can demonstrate about the structure and organizational characteristics of Al Qaeda. The study maps the Al Qaeda network on a large scale using a newly compiled data set. The analysis reveals that the Al Qaeda network consists of several hundred individual and group nodes connecting almost all over the globe. Several major nodes are crucial for the network structure, while simultaneously many other nodes only weakly and foremost regionally connect to the network. The article concludes that the findings tie in well to the latest research pointing to local and simultaneously global elements of Al Qaeda, and that the new data is a valuable source for further analyses, potentially in combination with other data.     

论成立国际刑事法庭的合法性问题

刑法上的“合法性原则”要求一个法庭必须“依法成立”。法庭只有“依法成立”,才有资格进行审理、并在确定被告有罪时对其进行定罪。刑法上这个原则,当然也适用于国际刑事法庭。自上个世纪90年代以后,国际社会为了惩治严重的国际犯罪行为,已成立了不少国际刑事法庭。尽管这些国际刑事法庭的宗旨和目的相同,但它们的成立方式却各不相同:前南斯拉夫国际刑事法庭和卢旺达国际刑事法庭是联合国安理会通过决议成立;塞拉利昂特别法庭是塞拉利昂政府与联合国通过签订协议而成立。虽然,成立方式可以不一样,但都必须符合“合法性”原则。本文将通过案例分析,来探讨这些国际刑事法庭在实践中是如何论证和裁决关于成立国际刑事法庭的“合法性”原则的法理问题。     

我国污点证人制度之构建

污点证人制度在许多国家和地区都被很成功地运用,在司法实践中起到了重要作用。我国已签署《联合国反腐败公约》,因此,有必要在此框架下构建适合我国司法环境的污点证人制度。     

Implementing the human right to water and sanitation: a study of global and local discourses

This article explores global and local discourses on how to implement the newly recognised human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS). We analyse the potential limitations of the human rights frame in the context of critiques that human rights are a liberal, Western discourse that does not reflect the lived experiences of non-Western countries. Through two case studies we find that there are two discourses emerging on how to implement the HRtWS. At the global level, as seen in the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the HRtWS, we find a hegemonic discourse that is state-centric and market-friendly. In Bolivia, a country currently implementing a human rights-based approach to water services, we find a counter-hegemonic discourse on implementation. We argue that the hegemonic discourse is incomplete and does not fully address barriers to fulfilment of the right, such as state corruption and the needs of peri-urban residents.     

中俄国际政治安全秩序观:基于实证分析的比较研究

国际政治安全秩序观是有关国家对国际政治安全秩序的性质、发展趋势、维护路径、本国与之关系等问题的看法、立场和主张的总和,对国家对外行为有重要影响。作为一种抽象的国家观念,它既可见于国家对外政策权威文件,也体现在一国有关国际政治安全问题的对外行为中。通过中俄对外政策文件,考察两国国际政治安全秩序观之异同,并结合中俄有关国际政治安全问题的外交行为,特别是两国在安理会的投票,可以逆向透视两国国际政治安全秩序观。这种互补性研究路径结合文本解读与对外行为分析,使二者彼此验证,可弥补单一路径之偏颇。中俄均主张维护以联合国为核心的国际政治安全秩序的稳定,推动多极化秩序朝更加公正合理的方向发展,维护国际公平正义,反对军备竞赛和外空军事化,反对霸权主义和强权政治,尊重公认的国际法准则与和平共处五项原则,主张通过政治和外交途径解决国际冲突,并非西方所谓的“修正主义国家”。中俄两国在对多极化的理解、维护国际政治安全的手段和依靠力量、欧亚地区秩序、对以联合国为核心的国际安全制度的尊重程度等方面有异。比较而言,中国之“言”(国际政治安全秩序声明)与“行”(维护国际政治安全秩序之行为)更显一致。     

When Managerialism Meets Internationalism: Administrative Reform in the United Nations in the 1970s

This article examines whether reform ideas that gained influence in national-level bureaucracies in the 1970s were also on the United Nations’ internal agenda. The Joint Inspection Unit (Bertrand) Report of 1971 is the focus of this analysis, as it addressed personnel problems in the UN Secretariat and identified structural shortcomings. Our analysis shows that New Public Management ideas were in circulation in the UN at this time. It also demonstrates the different pressures that international bureaucracies face in regard to their personnel. This is likely to make their responses to reform pressures, such as those experienced in the 1970s, unique.     

论联合国可持续发展机构改革的国际法问题——以RIO＋20议程为视角

2012年联合国可持续发展大会确立的RIO＋20议程对国际可持续发展的机构改革问题作出了重大调整。虽历经20年的积累,与可持续发展有关的国际法规范松散而总体缺乏约束力。RIO＋20后联合国创设了可持续发展高级别政治论坛以取代可持续发展委员会,但未来联合国可持续发展机构改革的方向仍需以环境议题为主,探索不同形式和不同重点的组织模式,以促进国际可持续发展目标的实现。     

Seas,Oceans and Fisheries: A Challenge for Good Governance

Abstract

Seas, oceans and fisheries are probably among the most challenging natural resource systems to govern. This contribution discusses why this is so by analysing the key issues and presenting a selection of approaches to tackle them. The main recommendations are for control of illegal and open access fisheries, reduction of perverse subsidies, establishment of more marine protected areas, and proper evaluation of the importance of fisheries to future generations. Only then can fisheries be managed sustainably. The paper uses fish and fisheries in the Commonwealth of Nations to illustrate the points being made.