英国公司中非执行董事的职能

NED的职能一个时期处于逐渐演化之中,起初只是一个荣誉职位,后来发展为参与公司管理.非执行董事被认为具有很好的独立判断能力以及监督作用,有助于公司治理的改善.NED的作用主要有:改进公司治理结构、对公司中某些特定利益的保护以及抑制董事滥用权力.NED职能发挥的局限性在于公司管理人员控制着提供给NED的信息的质量、时间及数量、投入到公司的精力与时间、任命程序、与执行董事相同的利益背景以及激励机制的缺乏.英国通过广泛咨询与公开最佳行为守则改善公司治理,其改革过程也是逐步重视NED过程.     

Authoritarian populism and response to COVID-19: A comparative study of the United States,India, and Brazil

As the phenomenon of populism is in the preliminary stages of exploratory research, the present study involves an empirical investigation involving a case study of the United States, India, and Brazil to examine whether a correlation exists between populism and management of COVID-19. The study adopts the ideational approach of populism as a set of ideas or discourse to review how core conceptual features of populism have impacted on management of COVID-19. The study has two main objectives: (1) to examine whether populism in the United States, India, and Brazil has determined “a populist response” to the pandemic in dealing with the health crises and (2) to explore the management of COVID-19 in the states led by right-wing populism and the commonality of populist approaches adopted in handling the health crisis. Comparing the three states' statistical data of management models, the study has argued that common populist mechanisms such as distrust for experts, contempt for institutions, and suspicion of “others” have guided the US, India, and Brazilian leadership response to COVID-19. It further argues that leadership in the United States, India, and Brazil has prevented effective management by politicizing the crisis, aggravating social polarization, and contradicting expert advice. Moreover, populist and nationalist orientation of the leadership has evaded responsibility in these states with the leadership blaming ethnicities for spreading the virus and by weakening societal solidarity.     

The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the International Community

This article analyzes the problematics of the international community's response to the Syrian refugee crisis: patterns of displacement, including the lack of attention to basic needs, the limited economic opportunities in host countries, the conditions facing Syrian refugee children, the risk involved in migration, and the challenge of adapting to host societies. The article then elucidates the series of failures of the international community to address the causes of this displacement, despite efforts by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international institutions to alleviate suffering. It traces the humanitarian mismanagement to political divisions in the international community, including the failure of Arab states, the Iranian intervention, and the role of the United Nations, Russia and the United States in aggravating the displacement. The article provides policy recommendations for international actors in order to honor their commitments to hosting refugees and addresses the political requirements for a lasting solution.     

美国加强政府监督的做法与启示

“强制政府去控制自己”、“分权制衡”、“权力的接受者必须对权力的来源负责”是美国加强政府监督的理念基础。美国联邦政府抓住典型腐败案例的契机 ,不断健全加强政府监督体制与法律保证 ,这对中国健全政府监督、遏制腐败蔓延有参考价值。     

再论美国宪法的特点--兼与英、法、德、日宪法比较

总结了美国宪法具有四个特点,即确立了有限政府原则、确立了权力分立与制衡原则、实现了宪法的司法化、具有较高的稳定性和灵活性,分别就这四个特点进行了分析、论述,并与英、法、德、日四国宪法的相应方面进行了比较.通过对美国宪法的特点及其相互关系的分析,从中可以看出有限政府、宪法与法治之间的依存关系.     

美、加、澳、丹、瑞五国禁毒政策概述（译文）

我们10人小组参考部分英文资料,在老师的指导下,对美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、丹麦和瑞典等国的禁毒政策的核心部分进行了概略性译述,以期为我国的禁毒研究和实际工作提供参鉴。     

The USSR and its Diplomatic Partners, 1917-91

After its break with established diplomatic partners in 1917 the Soviet government moved slowly to reconstruct its relations with the outside world. Over the period up to 1991, the largest number of exchanges took place with Finland, and after the Second World War, with Bulgaria and the GDR. But the major capitalist countries steadily became more prominent, and the USA was the USSR's most important diplomatic partner during the 1970s. Similarly, the CMEA states were the USSR's main partners after the Second World War, but by the late 1980s it was NATO member states that predominated. Patterns of this kind are consistent with theories that have suggested the gradual 'socialization' of revolutionary states as they necessarily engage in patterns of interaction with the international community.     

联合国的改革

对联合国进行改革,这是国际社会达成的普遍共识。其改革的内容主要包括安理会的改革,以及维和行动、经济与社会发展、联合国的民主化等诸多方面。本文还对如何建立一个强有力的联合国提出了建议。     

试论非公有制经济人士统战工作的创新

新世纪新阶段,非公有制经济人士大量涌现,社会阶层的分化、组合、流动,在程度上还将加深,统一战线将发生新变化,呈现新特点.非公有制经济人士队伍壮大,成为统一战线重要成员,统一战线的内部构成、基本特征、相互关系发生了新变化.本文着重就统一战线如何适应形势任务的变化,以目标为旗帜,以创新为动力,在升华理念、完善载体、健全机制等方面工作进行了初浅的探索.