The international movement to deter corruption： Should China join？

Global concerns over the corruption of weak governments by firms engaged in transnational business are the source of an international movement that emerged in 1997. Special concern is presently directed at the weakness of enforcement of laws enacted in recent times to deter corrupt business practices in international trade that were enacted in response to that movement. One cause of weakness in law enforcement is the failure of China to share actively in those concerns and the efforts to address them. This essay will briefly record steps taken in other nations to address the concerns and the limited effectiveness of those steps. It will urge Chinese participation in the international movement and briefly suggest the need for private enforcement of the law if the movement is to succeed.     

Public support for electoral reform: The role of electoral system experience

What affects public support for electoral reform? How does experience with different electoral systems affect people's willingness to support electoral reform? Given the salience of changes to election rules even when they are passed via the legislature and the increasing use of referenda as alternative mechanisms for change, these questions are critical to understanding when electoral reform will occur. I argue that experience (specifically, with an electoral system similar to that under consideration) affects public opinion by reducing uncertainty about the likely effects of reform and thus affects support for reform (although the direction of the effect depends on partisan bias). Moreover, I argue that experience is most important in the absence of strong party cues. I leverage subnational electoral system variation in the United Kingdom and find that experience does affect support for reform — negative experiences decrease support for reform. The results have implications for the possibility of electoral reform in the UK and beyond.     

略论五代士人“视君犹佣者”的观念

"士"是伴随着每一时代的政治、经济、社会文化思想的发展而发展。但每一时代又各有不同,"士"以不同的面貌出现于世。五代是季世,藩镇根据,战乱不断,士人的生存环境严重恶化。残酷的社会现实使他们背离了他们既有的价值判断,儒家正统的神圣性开始受到他们怀疑,趋时保身的观念主导了他们的行为。他们朝三暮四,忠义观念淡薄,仕多朝、事多君是当时士人间的普遍现象。这种现象的出现与当时的时代大背景有关,也与时人的价值评判标准有关。     

《联合国反腐败公约》与我国特殊侦查手段立法

特殊侦查手段在实践办案中被经常使用,但因缺乏法律依据,使得特殊侦查措施往往存在诸多问题。我国是《联合国反腐败公约》的缔约国,《公约》允许使用特殊侦查手段,并允许法庭采信由这些手段产生的证据。     

俄罗斯当代刑事立法关于犯罪概念的变革——兼与中国现行刑事立法相比较

俄罗斯1996年新刑法典关于犯罪概念的立法模式沿袭了1958年以来苏俄刑事立法采取的形式———实质概念模式。但是,新刑法典的规定和变革因批判地继承民族立法的传统,特别是反映俄罗斯刑事立法和刑法学发展的最新成果而显得更为科学和合逻辑性。新中国成立以来,刑法典关于犯罪概念的立法规定深受苏俄刑事立法的影响,但是,由于俄罗斯新刑法典的变革,两国关于犯罪概念的立法表述和内容有了较大的区别。这值得我们去了解和研究,以资借鉴。     

美国在战后东南亚非殖民化过程中的政策

非殖民化是战后美国对东南亚政策中无法回避的问题。二战期间,美国试图为东南亚殖民地区设计非殖民化的道路。然而,战后复杂的国际政治现实使美国在非殖民化问题上趋于保守,基于全球战略及其建立世界经济体系目标的考虑,美国在东南亚非殖民化过程中的政策变得灵活而现实。战后美国决策层未能真正理解东南亚殖民地民族自决以及更深层次的非殖民化的历史动力,其现实主义政策直接影响到了后殖民时代美国与东南亚的关系。     

Challenges and Outcomes at the Ninth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

From 1 to 12 December 2003, the Ninth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention took place in Milan, Italy. This conference continued the laborious effort of developing an international climate regime by preparing for the Kyoto Protocol’s entry into force. Some two dozen decisions were adopted on a wide range of options for responding to climate change. This paper assesses the progress achieved at the conference on a number of issues. Among these were operational details for implementing forestry projects under the Convention’s Clean Development Mechanism, and guidelines for reporting on greenhouse gas emissions and removals from agriculture, forestry and land-use change. Parties also decided on rules with respect to two funds, the Special Climate Change Fund and the Least Developed Country Fund. With respect to developing countries, Parties continued discussions on rules for building response capacity in light of the expected adverse effects of climate change and transferring environmentally sound technology. They also discussed how to incorporate scientific advice from the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change into the negotiations. Although Russia did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol prior to the conference, Milan demonstrated momentum and interest among Parties to support the climate regime. Nevertheless, it is doubtful whether the detailed discussions were able to contribute to preparing for the long term. To this end, this paper concludes that more discussion and leadership is required to bridge the North/South gap if a post-2012 climate regime is to stand.     

"三个有利于"标准是新时期经济领域统战政策的理论依据

党的十一届三中全会后,邓小平同志根据马克思主义基本原理,结合中国实际,提出"三个有利于"标准,有力地促进了人们解放思想.它的提出保证了非公有制经济沿着正确轨道发展.以"三个有利于"为标准,制定新时期经济领域统战政策,才能引导非公有制经济健康发展,逐步培养起一支坚决拥护党、与党团结合作的代表人士队伍.这对于巩固和壮大爱国统一战线,建设中国特色社会主义,实现中华民族伟大复兴都具有十分重要的意义.     

《联合国反腐败公约》关于私营部门内腐败犯罪的规定及启示

我国虽然签署了《联合国反腐败公约》,但如何在立法、司法、执法等方面与该公约相衔接仍是亟待解决的问题。《联合国反腐败公约》中关于私营部门内腐败犯罪的规定,从私营部门内贿赂犯罪到侵财犯罪,将其与我国刑法现行规定进行了比较分析,以利于我国立法上的完善与借鉴。     

论联合国经济制裁中的人权保护——兼评联合国对朝鲜的经济制裁

联合国经济制裁是安理会依据《联合国宪章》第41条为维持国际和平与安全采取的一种强制措施.战后安理会实施的经济制裁一方面给受制裁国发出了要求或强迫其遵守国际法的警告,而另一方面,在实施制裁过程中给受制裁国带来人道主义灾难,妨碍而不是促进人权,从而削弱了经济制裁的效力.因此,联合国在经济制裁中也应遵守国际人权法和国际人道主义法.