Four Lessons for Developing Countries from the Trade Negotiations Over Access to Medicines

After the Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into operation in 1995 developing countries have found themselves in a process of continual negotiation over intellectual property rights and access to medicines. These negotiations have taken place in the World Trade Organization and in the context of free trade agreements. The paper suggests that the only real win for developing countries has been the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health in 2001. What have been the lessons for developing countries in a decade of negotiations over access to medicines? Drawing on themes of rule complexity and regulatory ritualism the paper discusses four key lessons for developing countries. It concludes by arguing that developing countries will do better if they adopt a networked governance approach to negotiation rather than continuing to rely on traditional coalition formation.     

刍议WTO争端解决机制及其运用

WTO贸易争端解决机制是WTO多边贸易协议有效执行以及国际贸易顺利发展的重要保障。本文目的在于探讨争端解决机制的运用及其应对措施对保护我国的经济利益的现实意义。     

国际环境争端解决机制研究

解决和避免国际环境争端已成为近年来备受关注的论题。无论是在1992年联合国环境与发展大会期间还是新近多边环境协定的谈判和实施过程中,国际环境法的遵守问题都引起了各国政府和国际法学者的关注。多边环境条约、联合国海洋法公约以及WTO规则,是国际环境争端解决机制的主要法律渊源。在一定范围内,这些多边条约和条约体系相互影响、相互推动,又相互矛盾和冲突,呈现出国际环境争端解决机制的独特发展形态。     

多学科、兼顾历史与现状、教学相长：南洋研究院华人研究特点与存在问题（2000-2006）

南洋研究院的华侨华人研究体现了多学科、兼顾历史与现状、教学相长的特色。除了经济、历史、政治学(国际关系)等主要学科外,南洋院师生越来越多地借重民族学、宗教学、金融学、人口学、语言学、管理学、图书及版本学等学科理论与方法研究华侨华人。在侧重华侨华人现状研究时,仍继续关注华人史研究。在相关学位课程带动下,硕博生的学位论文研究日益成为南洋院华侨华人研究的重要组成部分。就总体而言,南洋院的华侨华人研究仍呈现创新能力弱、文献单薄、低水平重复等问题,这既是国内文科重量化考核导向的结果,也与研究人员浮躁的学术态度相关。     

加入WTO与中国政府对农业的支持

本文主要分析了我国加入WTO对我国农业的有利作用以及给中国带来的压力和冲击。为减轻加入WTO对我国农业造成的不利冲击,政府必须加大对农业基础设施建设、对农业科技投入和对农村区域综合发展的支持。     

NGOs and Ethnic Conflict: Lessons from the Work of the Project on Ethnic Relations in the Balkans

This article examines the impact of nongovernmental organization-sponsored contact and communication on fostering peaceful solutions to ethnic conflict via case studies of the activities of the Project on Ethnic Relations (PER) in Romania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia. It explores five operational principles that guide PER activity: creating credible, neutral forums for dialogue; maintaining momentum; working within political realities; encouraging indigenous solutions from within existing processes; and acting with the backing of powerful states. These principles explain PER's success as a "weak mediator" of ethnic conflicts. According to this analysis, PER also exhibits organizational characteristics that contribute to success, including nonpartisanship, area expertise and extensive networks of local contacts, and an ability to secure the trust of local actors.
A significant indicator of the success of PER activities is the establishment by conflicting parties of institutionalized mechanisms for addressing their differences. Contrary to the view that electoral competition contributes to conflict, this study finds that the possibility of achieving an electoral advantage by participating cooperatively in conflict resolution activities creates incentives for local actors to recognize opportunities offered by PER activities and leads local actors to heed PER's advice. Finally, the article offers a cautionary observation. While PER's perceived influence with major international actors may contribute to its local successes, once a state actor with the power to impose a solution has committed itself to ending a conflict, its preferences outweigh any local interests in determining the outcome and renders the efforts of a "weak mediator" such as PER irrelevant.     

海外投资的外交保护

海外利益是指境外的国家利益,属于国家利益的组成部分。WTO规则,特别是与贸易有关的投资协定更是国际法规则的一部分。外交保护是指一国针对其国民因另一国国际不法行为而受的损害,以国家的名义为该国国民采取外交行动或其他和平解决手段。对海外投资的外交保护是海外投资保护的最后的也是最有效的途径和方式,可以进一步维护和拓展中国的海外利益。     

中国加入WTO后的公安队伍素质研究

面对加入WTO后的新形势 ,侦查人员必须具备过硬的政治素质、法制观念、纪律作风。工作高效率 ,严格教育训练 ,提高科技含量 ,更新观念 ,与时俱进。强化服务意识、创新能力、文化知识、业务技能 ,建设高素质侦查队伍。     

建立与WTO相适应的公共行政管理体制的探索

为了执行WTO的游戏规则 ,我国必须建立与WTO相适应的公共行政管理体制。这个体制能让公民广泛参与公共行政管理、体现今后改革的方向。政府职能应向下转移和向社会转移 ,把政府不该管的事交给社会组织去管 ,通过发展市场组织 ,完善社会公共管理服务体系 ,最终把公共行政管理体制建立起来     

对中国共产党执政规律的认识--学习江泽民《论三个代表》

坚持开拓创新、与时俱进是共产党执政的理论基础。大力发展生产力 ,努力提高党对经济工作的领导水平 ,是共产党执政的根本标志。全心全意为人民服务是共产党执政的基本经验。不断加强和改进党的建设是共产党执政的重要保证。总揽全局 ,协调各方是改进党的执政方式的重要原则。