我国灾难新闻报道模式的转变与突破——以汶川地震报道为例

汶川地震报道表现出中国灾难新闻报道模式的转变与突破。新中国60年来的灾难新闻经历了三种报道模式,即"党本位"的单向度闭合模式、"事本位"的多向度客观报道模式、"人本位"的全息化开放报道模式,后者标志着灾难报道的新突破:"全息化的开放报道框架"突破"单向度的闭合报道框架";人性化报道突破模式化报道,"集体呈现"向"个体呈现"转变;平民化视角凸显,展现多元人物的生存状态,避免"英雄神化"与"领袖宣传"。当然,汶川地震报道在转变与突破中也存在值得反思的问题。     

论汶川地震后搜救财产的物权问题

5.12汶川地震后搜救出了大量的财产,根据《物权法》及相关法律的规定,这些财产应定性为遗失物,适用遗失物拾得制度对其进行处理。拾得人负有通知或送交、妥善保管、返还义务,鉴于震后遗失物繁多,遗失人广泛,身份确认困难,搜救财产应交给所在地公安等政府部门统一汇总、查找遗失人、组织认领为宜,返还遗失物时应免除灾民的必要费用偿还义务。对于被确认为遇难者的物品,应作为遗产由其继承人领取;失踪者的物品交由其直系亲属领取;无法确定遗失人的,同时自发布招领公告之日起6个月内又无人认领的财物,归国家所有;遗失物在被转让情况下又有两种不同的所有权归属。     

Madness,mystery and abnormality in the writing of Yumeno Kyūsaku

Yumeno Kyūsaku (1889–1936) has been labeled a writer of henkaku detective fiction since submitting his debut story, ‘Ayakashi no tsuzumi’ (‘The demonic hand drum’), to Shinseinen magazine for a competition in 1926. The term henkaku is rooted in the historical context of the 1920s and 1930s as a modifier of a subgenre of mystery fiction that eschewed puzzle-solving in favor of gothic atmospheres and strange happenings. This article considers the relationship between henkaku and gendered, early twentieth-century discourses of hentai (abnormality). Transitioning from an early emphasis on ‘abnormal sexology’ to ‘abnormal psychology’, Kyūsaku used the affective potential of visceral henkaku narratives to not only entertain readers, but to shock them into an examination of their own psyches and the limits of modern, rational thought. Kyūsaku's skepticism toward the ‘isms’ of his day resonated with a new audience, bringing the spirit of henkaku into the post-Second World War period when his works were rediscovered in the context of 1960s sub- and counter-culture.     

The Suicide Mortality Rates between 1997–1998 and 2000–2001 in Nantou County of Taiwan Following the Earthquake of September 21 in 1999

Abstract:  The paper aims to show the different suicide mortality rate between 1997–1998 and 2000–2001 in Nantou County of Taiwan with earthquake on September 21 (often referred to as the "9-21 earthquake") in 1999. In additional, it also identifies the preventive strategies for the high-risk suicide population. The age-standardized mortality rates for suicide in Nantou County were calculated for the years 1997–1998 and 2000–2001. The suicide standardized mortality ratio (SMR for townships in Nantou were calculated by "type of township" as the standard rate). There is a statistically significant difference in male suicide rates for the years prior to the earthquake (1997–1998) when pooled and compared to the suicide rates for the years after the earthquake (2000–2001). The rate for four age groups (under 25, 25–44, 45–64, 65 and above) all increased, yet all but one (the group of age 45–64) was not statistically significant. The male SMR has slightly increased after the 9-21 earthquake. Yet there are no statistical significances in most townships, except in Kaohsiung and Puli after the 9-21 earthquake. The Kaohsiung SMRs were 1.36 (95% CI: 0.54–2.80) before the earthquake (1997–1998) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.04–3.52) after the earthquake (2000–2001). The SMRs before and after the earthquake in the Puli Township were 1.51 (95% CI: 0.95–2.29) to 1.56 (95% CI: 1.03–2.27). This study suggests that monitoring high-risk population, especially males or 45–64 years of age who experienced the highest statistically significant suicide rate in this study. The study provides support for providing both the psychological restoration program and, to the extent feasible, financial support for the unemployed as useful public health strategies for suicide prevention in Taiwan.     

北京地区地震前兆监测及展望

地震前兆监测是防震减灾的一个重要部分。由专业地震台站和宏观观测网点组成的地震前兆监测台网对北京地区的地震预报发挥了很大的作用。文中也分析了提高北京市地震监测水平需努力的方向。     

析汶川地震灾区治安管理工作存在的问题及对策

＂5.12＂汶川特大地震发生后,灾区群众期待有一个良好的治安环境。但是,目前灾区治安管理工作中存在着部分受灾严重的县市治安管理信息系统灭失、外来人口多而复杂、不稳定因素和安全隐患多、监管难度大等问题。为了给灾区重建工作营造良好的治安环境,公安机关需要深化板房区警务,强化灾区治安防控体系建设;围绕灾后永久性农房建设强化破案打击力度;加强法制宣传教育;认真做好民爆物品和公共安全监管等工作。     

民间救助:汶川赈灾的法律视角——兼谈完善志愿者服务立法

民间救助是抗震救灾不可忽视的力量,是国家应急机制的重要组成部分。民间志愿者专业、理性与多元化的救助行动体现了对生命权的尊重。志愿者救助行动具有非政府性、公益性、自愿性、无偿性、随意性、义务性等法律特征。“汶川震灾”的民间救助呼唤加快志愿者立法。     

In Defense of Sovietology

A leading specialist on the Soviet economy presents a detailed overview and evaluation of the history of Western studies of the Soviet economy. Foci of the article include: debates about the nature of the Soviet economic system; the uses of qualitative and quantitative evidence; controversies over rates of economic growth and growth of productivity, comparative size of the economy and the burden of defense expenditures; analyses of the severity of economic problems and their implications for the future viability of the system. The article concludes with an evaluation of the accomplishments and shortcomings of economic Sovietology. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: P27, P24, P52.     

汶川地震应对经验与应急管理中国模式的建构路径——基于强政府与强社会的互动视角

巨灾的频发使得风险治理的公共政策系统受到巨大挑战。由于特定的危机形势和政策制定系统的局限性,造成了各种各样的政策困境,尤其是汶川地震促使我们重新审视国家力量在巨灾应对中与社会力量之间的互动关系。基于以上背景,本文试图通过研究团队三年多来针对汶川地震应对的全景式实证性研究,并结合中国应急管理系统建设发展的历史性回顾揭示出相应的挑战和机遇,探索一个基于强政府与强社会互动的分析视角和发展路径。