Integrating societal and psychological rules of entitlement: The basic task of each social actor and fundamental problem for the social sciences

A preliminary statement of a theoretical framework integrating psychological and societal determinants of justice in human affairs is presented. It is proposed that the social structure provides the rules of entitlement and decision making that regulate the course of routine social interaction. These societally based norms are representable in people's conscious thought processes. By contrast, the psychologically generated rules of entitlement, typically contradict conventionally accepted rules of thought and discourse and thus remain unconscious. The major part of the discussion considers the motivationally important circumstances that engage the unconscious psychologically compelling determinants and how their appearance in behavior is both shaped and legitimized by the situationally prevailing normative context. The final section considers some of the more important methodological, theoretical, and social policy implications of this social psychological theory of entitlements.     

认知询问技术原理及其应用

认知询问技术是心理学与侦查实践相结合的产物。认知询问技术建立在有效询问的条件上 ,其心理原理是记忆与沟通 ;拥有一个核心程序 ,强调证人中心角色。其核心程序就是引导记忆提取 ,即侦查人员必须帮助与鼓励证人接近或进入已经储存在长时记忆中的与案件有关的信息。强调证人中心角色是指将证人摆在询问的核心位置。     

行人过街特征分析及自我保护对策

行人是道路交通活动中的弱者,行人事故伤亡约占所有交通事故伤亡人数的20%,而行人过街时的伤亡人数要占其中的50%以上。文章从心理学的角度分析了行人过街的特征,并提出了诸如合理运用过街注意的转移、推广行人过街手势、采用防护设施等观点,以期对行人过街安全有所帮助。     

The Positive Psychology of Interested Adolescents

Using the experience sampling method (ESM) and a diverse national sample of young people, this study identifies two groups of adolescents: those who experience chronic interest in everyday life experiences and another who experience widespread boredom. These groups are compared against several measures of psychological well-being: global self-esteem, locus of control, and emotions regarding one's future prospects. It is hypothesized that a generalized chronic experience of interest, an innate physiological function, can be used as a signal for a larger measure of psychological health, while chronic boredom is a sign of psychic dysfunction. A strong association between the experience of interest and well-being was found.     

试论公安高校心理学课程体系建设

心理学是公安高校课程体系的组成部分之一,其担负着向学生传授心理学基础知识和提高未来警察心理素质的重任。本文从分析目前国内公安高校心理学课程设置的情况入手,介绍心理学课程改革的新动态,并提出我国公安高校心理学课程改革的最佳模式——课程体系建设。     

西部大开发中需要借鉴的外国经验

放眼世界,不同民族、不同地区间的不平衡发展,是许多国家面临的共同问题。如何从政府行为即政策措施倾斜的角度,扶贫济弱,加大贫困地区的开发力度,使其迅速摆脱贫困落后的面貌,尽快走上致富之路,进而缩小差别,协调发展,实现共同富裕,是许多国家长期以来所追求的理想目标。为此,本文分别介绍了发展中国家印度和巴西、发达国家美国和日本的经验并进行了国际社会反贫困的经验比较,旨在强调我国在实施西部大开发中应该从中学习其有益的经验。     

音乐欣赏的心理过程

音乐的美是抽象的。音乐欣赏的审美过程是由感知、感受、感应三个阶段组成的。对音乐欣赏的全部过程,都是一种心理过程。     

厦泉漳城市联盟发展的意义及取向探析

深化闽台经济合作、充分发挥对台优势是海峡西岸经济区建设的重要依托,其关键是实施城市联盟发展战略,打造海峡西岸“区域经济集群”发展优势。厦泉漳城市联盟有利于提升海峡西岸经济区的综合竞争力,从而增强海峡西岸经济区承接海峡东岸经济辐射、“承‘珠’接‘长’、连接中部”、对抗区域经济边缘化的能力,因而,应大力加以推动。本文仅就厦泉漳城市联盟对于海峡西岸经济区建设的意义和发展取向加以探讨。     

Who Toes the Party Line? Cues, Values, and Individual Differences

This article explores individual differences in citizens’ reliance on cues and values in political thinking. It uses experimental evidence to identify which citizens are likely to engage in heuristic processing and which citizens are likely to engage in systematic processing in developing opinions about a novel issue. The evidence suggests that political awareness crisply distinguishes between heuristic and systematic processors. The less politically aware rely on party cues and not on an issue-relevant value. As political awareness increases, reliance on party cues drops and reliance on an issue-relevant value rises. Need for cognition fails to yield clear results. The results suggest two routes to opinion formation: heuristic processing and systematic processing. Political awareness, not need for cognition, predicts which route citizens will take.     

积极人格研究述评

积极心理学认为人格心理学研究要致力于研究人格形成的积极因素,而不单是研究人格形成的消极因素。综合现有的文献资料,总结积极心理学在人格研究的观点,及实现积极人格的途径,对目前积极人格的研究具有促进作用。